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Register a new userJoint Pruning & Quantization for Extremely Sparse Neural Networks
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Added by
Jan Klopp
Publication date
2020
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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We investigate pruning and quantization for deep neural networks. Our goal is to achieve extremely high sparsity for quantized networks to enable implementation on low cost and low power accelerator hardware. In a practical scenario, there are particularly many applications for dense prediction tasks, hence we choose stereo depth estimation as target. We propose a two stage pruning and quantization pipeline and introduce a Taylor Score alongside a new fine-tuning mode to achieve extreme sparsity without sacrificing performance. Our evaluation does not only show that pruning and quantization should be investigated jointly, but also shows that almost 99% of memory demand can be cut while hardware costs can be reduced up to 99.9%. In addition, to compare with other works, we demonstrate that our pruning stage alone beats the state-of-the-art when applied to ResNet on CIFAR10 and ImageNet.
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Parameters of recent neural networks require a huge amount of memory. These parameters are used by neural networks to perform machine learning tasks when processing inputs. To speed up inference, we develop Partition Pruning, an innovative scheme to reduce the parameters used while taking into consideration parallelization. We evaluated the performance and energy consumption of parallel inference of partitioned models, which showed a 7.72x speed up of performance and a 2.73x reduction in the energy used for computing pruned layers of TinyVGG16 in comparison to running the unpruned model on a single accelerator. In addition, our method showed a limited reduction some numbers in accuracy while partitioning fully connected layers.
We present a differentiable joint pruning and quantization (DJPQ) scheme. We frame neural network compression as a joint gradient-based optimization problem, trading off between model pruning and quantization automatically for hardware efficiency. DJPQ incorporates variational information bottleneck based structured pruning and mixed-bit precision quantization into a single differentiable loss function. In contrast to previous works which consider pruning and quantization separately, our method enables users to find the optimal trade-off between both in a single training procedure. To utilize the method for more efficient hardware inference, we extend DJPQ to integrate structured pruning with power-of-two bit-restricted quantization. We show that DJPQ significantly reduces the number of Bit-Operations (BOPs) for several networks while maintaining the top-1 accuracy of original floating-point models (e.g., 53x BOPs reduction in ResNet18 on ImageNet, 43x in MobileNetV2). Compared to the conventional two-stage approach, which optimizes pruning and quantization independently, our scheme outperforms in terms of both accuracy and BOPs. Even when considering bit-restricted quantization, DJPQ achieves larger compression ratios and better accuracy than the two-stage approach.
The advancement of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on various vision applications has attracted lots of attention. Yet the majority of CNNs are unable to satisfy the strict requirement for real-world deployment. To overcome this, the recent popular network pruning is an effective method to reduce the redundancy of the models. However, the ranking of filters according to their importance on different pruning criteria may be inconsistent. One filter could be important according to a certain criterion, while it is unnecessary according to another one, which indicates that each criterion is only a partial view of the comprehensive importance. From this motivation, we propose a novel framework to integrate the existing filter pruning criteria by exploring the criteria diversity. The proposed framework contains two stages: Criteria Clustering and Filters Importance Calibration. First, we condense the pruning criteria via layerwise clustering based on the rank of importance score. Second, within each cluster, we propose a calibration factor to adjust their significance for each selected blending candidates and search for the optimal blending criterion via Evolutionary Algorithm. Quantitative results on the CIFAR-100 and ImageNet benchmarks show that our framework outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines, regrading to the compact model performance after pruning.
Channel pruning is a promising technique to compress the parameters of deep convolutional neural networks(DCNN) and to speed up the inference. This paper aims to address the long-standing inefficiency of channel pruning. Most channel pruning methods recover the prediction accuracy by re-training the pruned model from the remaining parameters or random initialization. This re-training process is heavily dependent on the sufficiency of computational resources, training data, and human interference(tuning the training strategy). In this paper, a highly efficient pruning method is proposed to significantly reduce the cost of pruning DCNN. The main contributions of our method include: 1) pruning compensation, a fast and data-efficient substitute of re-training to minimize the post-pruning reconstruction loss of features, 2) compensation-aware pruning(CaP), a novel pruning algorithm to remove redundant or less-weighted channels by minimizing the loss of information, and 3) binary structural search with step constraint to minimize human interference. On benchmarks including CIFAR-10/100 and ImageNet, our method shows competitive pruning performance among the state-of-the-art retraining-based pruning methods and, more importantly, reduces the processing time by 95% and data usage by 90%.
We propose pruning ternary quantization (PTQ), a simple, yet effective, symmetric ternary quantization method. The method significantly compresses neural network weights to a sparse ternary of [-1,0,1] and thus reduces computational, storage, and memory footprints. We show that PTQ can convert regular weights to ternary orthonormal bases by simply using pruning and L2 projection. In addition, we introduce a refined straight-through estimator to finalize and stabilize the quantized weights. Our method can provide at most 46x compression ratio on the ResNet-18 structure, with an acceptable accuracy of 65.36%, outperforming leading methods. Furthermore, PTQ can compress a ResNet-18 model from 46 MB to 955KB (~48x) and a ResNet-50 model from 99 MB to 3.3MB (~30x), while the top-1 accuracy on ImageNet drops slightly from 69.7% to 65.3% and from 76.15% to 74.47%, respectively. Our method unifies pruning and quantization and thus provides a range of size-accuracy trade-off.
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