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Register a new userGlobal solutions in $W_k^{zeta,p}L^infty_TL^2_v$ for the Boltzmann equation without cutoff
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Haoyu Zhang
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The Boltzmann equation without an angular cutoff in a three-dimensional periodic domain is considered. The global-in-time existence of solutions in a function space $ W_k^{zeta,p}L^infty_TL^2_v $ with $p>1$ and $zeta>3(1-frac{1}{p})$ is established in the perturbation framework and the long-time behavior of solutions is also obtained for both hard and soft potentials. The proof is based on several norm estimates.
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In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem on the angular cutoff Boltzmann equation near global Maxwillians for soft potentials either in the whole space or in the torus. We establish the existence of global unique mild solutions in the space $L^p_vL^{infty}_{T}L^{infty}_{x}$ with polynomial velocity weights for suitably large $pleq infty$, whenever for the initial perturbation the weighted $L^p_vL^{infty}_x$ norm can be arbitrarily large but the $L^1_xL^infty_v$ norm and the defect mass, energy and entropy are sufficiently small. The proof is based on the local in time existence as well as the uniform a priori estimates via an interplay in $L^p_vL^{infty}_{T}L^{infty}_{x}$ and $L^{infty}_{T}L^{infty}_{x}L^1_v$.
In order to solve the Boltzmann equation numerically, in the present work, we propose a new model equation to approximate the Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff. Here the approximate equation incorporates Boltzmann collision operator with angular cut-off and the Landau collision operator. As a first step, we prove the well-posedness theory for our approximate equation. Then in the next step we show the error estimate between the solutions to the approximate equation and the original equation. Compared to the standard angular cut-off approximation method, our method results in higher order of accuracy.
It is known that in the parameters range $-2 leq gamma <-2s$ spectral gap does not exist for the linearized Boltzmann operator without cutoff but it does for the linearized Landau operator. This paper is devoted to the understanding of the formation of spectral gap in this range through the grazing limit. Precisely, we study the Cauchy problems of these two classical collisional kinetic equations around global Maxwellians in torus and establish the following results that are uniform in the vanishing grazing parameter $epsilon$: (i) spectral gap type estimates for the collision operators; (ii) global existence of small-amplitude solutions for initial data with low regularity; (iii) propagation of regularity in both space and velocity variables as well as velocity moments without smallness; (iv) global-in-time asymptotics of the Boltzmann solution toward the Landau solution at the rate $O(epsilon)$; (v) continuous transition of decay structure of the Boltzmann operator to the Landau operator. In particular, the result in part (v) captures the uniform-in-$epsilon$ transition of intrinsic optimal time decay structures of solutions that reveals how the spectrum of the linearized non-cutoff Boltzmann equation in the mentioned parameter range changes continuously under the grazing limit.
This is the first one of two papers on the global dynamics of the original Boltzmann equations without angular cutoff on the torus. We address the problem for the hard potentials and Maxwellian molecules in the present paper. The case of soft potentials is left to a forthcoming paper. The key to solve the problem is the energy-entropy method which characterizes the propagation of the regularity, $H$-theorem and the interplay between the energy and the entropy. Our main results are as follows: (i) We present a unified framework to prove the well-posedness for the original Boltzmann equation for both angular cutoff and without cutoff in weighted Sobolev spaces with polynomial weights. As a consequence, we obtain an explicit formula for the asymptotics of the equation from angular cutoff to non-cutoff. (ii) We describe the global dynamics of the equation under the almost optimal assumption on the solution which makes sure that the Boltzmann collision operator behaves like a fractional Laplace operator for the velocity variable. More precisely, we obtain the propagation of the regularity for the solution and a new mechanism for the convergence of the solution to its equilibrium with quantitative estimates. (iii) We prove that any global and smooth solution to the equation is stable, i.e., any perturbed solution will remain close to the reference solution if initially they are close to each other.
Departing from the weak solution, we prove the uniqueness, smoothing estimates and the global dynamics for the non cutoff spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation with moderate soft potentials. Our results show that the behavior of the solution(including the production of regularity and the longtime behavior) can be {it characterized quantitatively} by the initial data at the large velocities, i.e.(i). initially polynomial decay at the large velocities in $L^1$ space will induce the finite smoothing estimates in weighted Sobolev spaces and the polynomial convergence rate (including the lower and upper bounds) to the equilibrium; (ii). initially the exponential decay at the large velocities in $L^1$ space will induce $C^infty$ regularization effect and the stretched exponential convergence rate. The new ingredients of the proof lie in the development of the localized techniques in phase and frequency spaces and the propagation of the exponential momentum.
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