We develop a flow-based sampling algorithm for $SU(N)$ lattice gauge theories that is gauge-invariant by construction. Our key contribution is constructing a class of flows on an $SU(N)$ variable (or on a $U(N)$ variable by a simple alternative) that respect matrix conjugation symmetry. We apply this technique to sample distributions of single $SU(N)$ variables and to construct flow-based samplers for $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory in two dimensions.
We define a class of machine-learned flow-based sampling algorithms for lattice gauge theories that are gauge-invariant by construction. We demonstrate the application of this framework to U(1) gauge theory in two spacetime dimensions, and find that near critical points in parameter space the approach is orders of magnitude more efficient at sampling topological quantities than more traditional sampling procedures such as Hybrid Monte Carlo and Heat Bath.
This paper introduces a generative model equivariant to Euclidean symmetries: E(n) Equivariant Normalizing Flows (E-NFs). To construct E-NFs, we take the discriminative E(n) graph neural networks and integrate them as a differential equation to obtain an invertible equivariant function: a continuous-time normalizing flow. We demonstrate that E-NFs considerably outperform baselines and existing methods from the literature on particle systems such as DW4 and LJ13, and on molecules from QM9 in terms of log-likelihood. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first flow that jointly generates molecule features and positions in 3D.
We report on our calculation of the interglueball potentials in SU(2), SU(3), and SU(4) lattice Yang-Mills theories using the indirect (so-called HAL QCD) method. We use the cluster decomposition error reduction technique to improve the statistical accuracy of the glueball correlators. After calculating the glueball scattering cross section in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory and combining with the observational data of the dark matter mass distributions, we derive the lower limit on the scale parameter.
An Algorithm is proposed for the simulation of pure SU(N) lattice gauge theories based on Genetic Algorithms(GAs). Main difference between GAs and Metropolis methods(MPs) is that GAs treat a population of points at once, while MPs treat only one point in the searching space. This provides GAs with information about the assortment as well as the fitness of the evolution function and producting a better solution. We apply GAs to SU(2) pure gauge theory on a 2 dimensional lattice and show the results are consistent with those given by MP and Heatbath methods(HBs). Thermalization speed of GAs is especially faster than the simple MPs.
Path integral contour deformations have been shown to mitigate sign and signal-to-noise problems associated with phase fluctuations in lattice field theories. We define a family of contour deformations applicable to $SU(N)$ lattice gauge theory that can reduce sign and signal-to-noise problems associated with complex actions and complex observables. For observables, these contours can be used to define deformed observables with identical expectation value but different variance. As a proof-of-principle, we apply machine learning techniques to optimize the deformed observables associated with Wilson loops in two dimensional $SU(2)$ and $SU(3)$ gauge theory. We study loops consisting of up to 64 plaquettes and achieve variance reduction of up to 4 orders of magnitude.