No Arabic abstract
Researchers in the humanities are among the many who are now exploring the world of big data. They have begun to use programming languages like Python or R and their corresponding libraries to manipulate large data sets and discover brand new insights. One of the major hurdles that still exists is incorporating visualizations of this data into their projects. Visualization libraries can be difficult to learn how to use, even for those with formal training. Yet these visualizations are crucial for recognizing themes and communicating results to not only other researchers, but also the general public. This paper focuses on producing meaningful visualizations of data using machine learning. We allow the user to visually specify their code requirements in order to lower the barrier for humanities researchers to learn how to program visualizations. We use a hybrid model, combining a neural network and optical character recognition to generate the code to create the visualization.
Project X is a multi-megawatt proton facility being developed to support intensity frontier research in elementary particle physics, with possible applications to nuclear physics and nuclear energy research, at Fermilab. A Functional Requirements Specification has been developed in order to establish performance criteria for the Project X complex in support of these multiple missions. This paper will describe the Functional Requirements for the Project X facility and the rationale for these requirements.
Ensuring correctness of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is an extremely challenging task that is in practice often addressed with simulation based testing. Formal specification languages, such as Signal Temporal Logic (STL), are used to mathematically express CPS requirements and thus render the simulation activity more systematic and principled. We propose a novel method for adaptive generation of tests with specification coverage for STL. To achieve this goal, we devise cooperative reachability games that we combine with numerical optimization to create tests that explore the system in a way that exercise various parts of the specification. To the best of our knowledge our approach is the first adaptive testing approach that can be applied directly to MATLABtexttrademark; Simulink/Stateflow models. We implemented our approach in a prototype tool and evaluated it on several illustrating examples and a case study from the avionics domain, demonstrating the effectiveness of adaptive testing to (1) incrementally build a test case that reaches a test objective, (2) generate a test suite that increases the specification coverage, and (3) infer what part of the specification is actually implemented.
What makes two images similar? We propose new approaches to generate model-agnostic explanations for image similarity, search, and retrieval. In particular, we extend Class Activation Maps (CAMs), Additive Shapley Explanations (SHAP), and Locally Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations (LIME) to the domain of image retrieval and search. These approaches enable black and grey-box model introspection and can help diagnose errors and understand the rationale behind a models similarity judgments. Furthermore, we extend these approaches to extract a full pairwise correspondence between the query and retrieved image pixels, an approach we call joint interpretations. Formally, we show joint search interpretations arise from projecting Harsanyi dividends, and that this approach generalizes Shapley Values and The Shapley-Taylor indices. We introduce a fast kernel-based method for estimating Shapley-Taylor indices and empirically show that these game-theoretic measures yield more consistent explanations for image similarity architectures.
This paper presents a new state space generation approach for dynamic fault trees (DFTs) together with a technique to synthesise failures rates in DFTs. Our state space generation technique aggressively exploits the DFT structure --- detecting symmetries, spurious non-determinism, and dont cares. Benchmarks show a gain of more than two orders of magnitude in terms of state space generation and analysis time. Our approach supports DFTs with symbolic failure rates and is complemented by parameter synthesis. This enables determining the maximal tolerable failure rate of a system component while ensuring that the mean time of failure stays below a threshold.
In this paper, we discuss an approach to system requirements engineering, which is based on using models of the responsibilities assigned to agents in a multi-agency system of systems. The responsibility models serve as a basis for identifying the stakeholders that should be considered in establishing the requirements and provide a basis for a structured approach, described here, for information requirements elicitation. We illustrate this approach using a case study drawn from civil emergency management.