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Register a new userReductions of the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation and their solutions
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An integrable extension of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) and Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations is investigated in this paper.We will refer to this integrable extension as the (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation. The determinant expressions of soliton, breather, rational, and semi-rational solutions of the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation are constructed based on the Hirotas bilinear method and the KP hierarchy reduction method. The complex dynamics of these new exact solutions are shown in both three-dimensional plots and two-dimensional contour plots. Interestingly, the patterns of obtained high-order lumps are similar to those of rogue waves in the (1 + 1)-dimensions by choosing different values of the free parameters of the model. Furthermore, three kinds of new semi-rational solutions are presented and the classification of lump fission and fusion processes is also discussed. Additionally, we give a new way to obtain rational and semi-rational solutions of (3 + 1)-dimensional KP equation by reducing the solutions of the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation. All these results show that the (4 + 1)-dimensional Fokas equation is a meaningful multidimensional extension of the KP and DS equations. The obtained results might be useful in diverse fields such as hydrodynamics, non-linear optics and photonics, ion-acoustic waves in plasmas, matter waves in Bose-Einstein condensates, and sound waves in ferromagnetic media.
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The (2+1)-dimensional [(2+1)d] Fokas system is a natural and simple extension of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation. (see eq. (2) in A. S. Fokas, Inverse Probl. 10 (1994) L19-L22). In this letter, we introduce its PT -symmetric version, which is called the (2 + 1)d nonlocal Fokas system. The N-soliton solutions for this system are obtained by using the Hirota bilinear method whereas the semi-rational solutions are generated by taking the long-wave limit of a part of exponential functions in the general expression of the N-soliton solution. Three kinds of semi-rational solutions, namely (1) a hybrid of rogue waves and periodic line waves, (2) a hybrid of lump and breather solutions, and (3) a hybrid of lump, breather, and periodic line waves are put forward and their rather complicated dynamics is revealed.
Lie point symmetries of the 2+1-dimensional cubic Schrodinger equation to obtain new analytic solutions in a systematic manner. We present an analysis of the reduced ODEs, and in particular show that although the original equation is not integrable they typically can belong to the class of Painleve type equations.
We first derive an integrable deformed hierarchy of short pulse equation and their Lax representation. Then we concentrated on the solution of integrable deformed short pulse equation (IDSPE). By proposing a generalized reciprocal transformation, we find a new integrable deformed sine-Gordon equation (IDSGE) and its Lax representation. The multisoliton solutions, negaton solutions and positon solutions for the IDSGE and the N-loop soliton solutions, N-negaton and N-positon solutions for the IDSPE are presented. In the reduced case the new N-positon solutions and N-negaton solutions for short pulse equation are obtained.
A new variant of the $(2+1)$-dimensional [$(2+1)d$] Boussinesq equation was recently introduced by J. Y. Zhu, arxiv:1704.02779v2, 2017; see eq. (3). First, we derive in this paper the one-soliton solutions of both bright and dark types for the extended $(2+1)d$ Boussinesq equation by using the traveling wave method. Second, $N$-soliton, breather, and rational solutions are obtained by using the Hirota bilinear method and the long wave limit. Nonsingular rational solutions of two types were obtained analytically, namely: (i) rogue-wave solutions having the form of W-shaped lines waves and (ii) lump-type solutions. Two generic types of semi-rational solutions were also put forward. The obtained semi-rational solutions are as follows: (iii) a hybrid of a first-order lump and a bright one-soliton solution and (iv) a hybrid of a first-order lump and a first-order breather.
Reductions of the KP-Whitham system, namely the (2+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic system of five equations that describes the slow modulations of periodic solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, are studied. Specifically, the soliton and harmonic wave limits of the KP-Whitham system are considered, which give rise in each case to a four-component (2+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic system. It is shown that a suitable change of dependent variables splits the resulting four-component systems into two parts: (i) a decoupled, independent two-component system comprised of the dispersionless KP equation, (ii) an auxiliary, two-component system coupled to the mean flow equations, which describes either the evolution of a linear wave or a soliton propagating on top of the mean flow. The integrability of both four-component systems is then demonstrated by applying the Haantjes tensor test as well as the method of hydrodynamic reductions. Various exact reductions of these systems are then presented that correspond to concrete physical scenarios.
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