No Arabic abstract
In this paper, we study the model of the late universe with the homogeneous, isotropic and flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, where the source of the gravitational field is based on the fermion and boson field, with the Maxwell term $F_{mu u}F^{mu u} $ in four dimensions. The actuation of the Maxwell term for the Einstein gravity makes it possible to find new approaches to solve the problem of the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. Energy conditions have been obtained and studied. These conditions impose very simple and model-independent restrictions on the behaviour of energy density and pressure since they do not require a specific equation of state of matter. To consider the model, the energy conditions NEC, WEC, DEC are realized, and the SEC condition is violated. The boson and fermion fields are responsible for the accelerated regime at early times, but since the total pressure is tending toward zero for large times, a transition to a decelerated regime occurs. Maxwell field is crucial only in the early times.
We calculate the cosmological complexity under the framework of scalar curvature perturbations for a K-essence model with constant potential. In particular, the squeezed quantum states are defined by acting a two-mode squeezed operator which is characterized by squeezing parameters $r_k$ and $phi_k$ on vacuum state. The evolution of these squeezing parameters are governed by the $Schrddot{o}dinger$ equation, in which the Hamiltonian operator is derived from the cosmological perturbative action. With aid of the solutions of $r_k$ and $phi_k$, one can calculate the quantum circuit complexity between unsqueezed vacuum state and squeezed quantum states via the wave-function approach. One advantage of K-essence is that it allows us to explore the effects of varied sound speeds on evolution of cosmological complexity. Besides, this model also provides a way for us to distinguish the different cosmological phases by extracting some basic informations, like the scrambling time and Lyapunov exponent etc, from the evolution of cosmological complexity.
We find a new homogeneous solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations with a cosmological term. The spacetime manifold is $R times S^3$. The spacetime metric admits a simply transitive isometry group $G = R times SU(2)$ of isometries and is of Petrov type I. The spacetime is geodesically complete and globally hyperbolic. The electromagnetic field is non-null and non-inheriting: it is only invariant with respect to the $SU(2)$ subgroup and is time-dependent in a stationary reference frame.
We present a general solution of the coupled Einstein-Maxwell field equations (without the source charges and currents) in three spacetime dimensions. We also admit any value of the cosmological constant. The whole family of such $Lambda$-electrovacuum local solutions splits into two distinct subclasses, namely the non-expanding Kundt class and the expanding Robinson-Trautman class. While the Kundt class only admits electromagnetic fields which are aligned along the geometrically privileged null congruence, the Robinson-Trautman class admits both aligned and also more complex non-aligned Maxwell fields. We derive all the metric and Maxwell field components, together with explicit constraints imposed by the field equations. We also identify the most important special spacetimes of this type, namely the coupled gravitational-electromagnetic waves and charged black holes.
We obtain a full characterization of Einstein-Maxwell $p$-form solutions $(boldsymbol{g},boldsymbol{F})$ in $D$-dimensions for which all higher-order corrections vanish identically. These thus simultaneously solve a large class of Lagrangian theories including both modified gravities and (possibly non-minimally coupled) modified electrodynamics. Specifically, both $boldsymbol{g}$ and $boldsymbol{F}$ are fields with vanishing scalar invariants and further satisfy two simple tensorial conditions. They describe a family of gravitational and electromagnetic plane-fronted waves of the Kundt class and of Weyl type III (or more special). The local form of $(boldsymbol{g},boldsymbol{F})$ and a few examples are also provided.
We construct stationary solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell-current system by using the Sasakian manifold for the three-dimensional space. Both the magnetic field and the electric current in the solution are specified by the contact form of the Sasakian manifold. The solutions contain an arbitrary function that describes inhomogeneity of the number density of the charged particles, and the function determines the curvature of the space.