No Arabic abstract
In this paper we consider Schr{o}dinger operators on $M times mathbb{Z}^{d_2}$, with $M={M_{1}, ldots, M_{2}}^{d_1}$ (`quantum wave guides) with a `$Gamma$-trimmed random potential, namely a potential which vanishes outside a subset $Gamma$ which is periodic with respect to a sub lattice. We prove that (under appropriate assumptions) for strong disorder these operators have emph{pure point spectrum } outside the set $Sigma_{0}=sigma(H_{0,Gamma^{c}})$ where $H_{0,Gamma^{c}} $ is the free (discrete) Laplacian on the complement $Gamma^{c} $ of $Gamma $. We also prove that the operators have some emph{absolutely continuous spectrum} in an energy region $mathcal{E}subsetSigma_{0}$. Consequently, there is a mobility edge for such models. We also consider the case $-M_{1}=M_{2}=infty$, i.~e.~ $Gamma $-trimmed operators on $mathbb{Z}^{d}=mathbb{Z}^{d_1}timesmathbb{Z}^{d_2}$. Again, we prove localisation outside $Sigma_{0} $ by showing exponential decay of the Green function $G_{E+ieta}(x,y) $ uniformly in $eta>0 $. For emph{all} energies $Einmathcal{E}$ we prove that the Greens function $G_{E+ieta} $ is emph{not} (uniformly) in $ell^{1}$ as $eta$ approaches $0$. This implies that neither the fractional moment method nor multi scale analysis emph{can} be applied here.
We investigate time-independent disorder on several two-dimensional discrete-time quantum walks. We find numerically that, contrary to claims in the literature, random onsite phase disorder, spin-dependent or otherwise, cannot localise the Hadamard quantum walk; rather, it induces diffusive spreading of the walker. In contrast, split-step quantum walks are generically localised by phase disorder. We explain this difference by showing that the Hadamard walk is a special case of the split-step quantum walk, with parameters tuned to a critical point at a topological phase transition. We show that the topological phase transition can also be reached by introducing strong disorder in the rotation angles. We determine the critical exponent for the divergence of the localisation length at the topological phase transition, and find $ u=2.6$, in both cases. This places the two-dimensional split-step quantum walk in the universality class of the quantum Hall effect.
We prove a limit theorem for quantum stochastic differential equations with unbounded coefficients which extends the Trotter-Kato theorem for contraction semigroups. From this theorem, general results on the convergence of approximations and singular perturbations are obtained. The results are illustrated in several examples of physical interest.
Quantum walks have attracted attention as a promising platform realizing topological phenomena and many physicists have introduced various types of indices to characterize topologically protected bound states that are robust against perturbations. In this paper, we introduce an index from a supersymmetric point of view. This allows us to define indices for all chiral symmetric quantum walks such as multi-dimensional split-step quantum walks and quantum walks on graphs, for which there has been no index theory. Moreover, the index gives a lower bound on the number of bound states robust against compact perturbations. We also calculate the index for several concrete examples including the unitary transformation that appears in Grovers search algorithm.
We consider the general physical situation of a quantum system $H_0$ interacting with a chain of exterior systems $bigotimes_N H$, one after the other, during a small interval of time $h$ and following some Hamiltonian $H$ on $H_0 otimes H$. We discuss the passage to the limit to continuous interactions ($h to 0$) in a setup which allows to compute the limit of this Hamiltonian evolution in a single state space: a continuous field of exterior systems $otimes_{R} H$. Surprisingly, the passage to the limit shows the necessity for 3 different time scales in $H$. The limit evolution equation is shown to spontaneously produce quantum noises terms: we obtain a quantum Langevin equation as limit of the Hamiltonian evolution. For the very first time, these quantum Langevin equations are obtained as the effective limit from repeated to continuous interactions and not only as a model. These results justify the usual quantum Langevin equations considered in continual quantum measurement or in quantum optics. We show that the three time scales correspond to the normal regime, the weak coupling limit and the low density limit. Our approach allows to consider these two physical limits altogether for the first time. Their combination produces an effective Hamiltonian on the small system, which had never been described before. We apply these results to give an Hamiltonian description of the von Neumann measurement. We also consider the approximation of continuous time quantum master equations by discrete time ones. In particular we show how any Lindblad generator is obtained as the limit of completely positive maps.
We give a mathematically rigorous derivation of Ehrenfests equations for the evolution of position and momentum expectation values, under general and natural assumptions which include atomic and molecular Hamiltonians with Coulomb interactions.