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We study the spectrum of anomalous dimensions of operators dual to giant graviton branes. The operators considered belong to the su$(2|3)$ sector of ${cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory, have a bare dimension $sim N$ and are a linear combination of restricted Schur polynomials with $psim O(1)$ long rows or columns. In the same way that the operator mixing problem in the planar limit can be mapped to an integrable spin chain, we find that our problem maps to particles hopping on a lattice. The detailed form of the model is in precise agreement with the expected world volume dynamics of $p$ giant graviton branes, which is a U$(p)$ Yang-Mills theory. The lattice model we find has a number of noteworthy features. It is a lattice model with all-to-all sites interactions and quenched disorder.
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We discuss bosonic and supersymmetric Yang-Mills matrix models with compact semi-simple gauge group. We begin by finding convergence conditions for the partition and correlation functions. Moving on, we specialise to the SU(N) models with large N. In both the Yang-Mills and cohomological formulations, we find all quantities which are invariant under the supercharges. Finally, we apply the deformation method of Moore, Nekrasov and Shatashvili directly to the Yang-Mills model. We find a deformation of the action which generates mass terms for all the matrix fields whilst preserving some supersymmetry. This allows us to rigorously integrate over a BRST quartet and arrive at the well known formula of MNS.
We study the empirical realisation of the memory effect in Yang-Mills theory, especially in view of the classical vs. quantum nature of the theory. Gauge invariant analysis of memory in classical U(1) electrodynamics and its observation by total change of transverse momentum of a charge is reviewed. Gauge fixing leads to a determination of a gauge transformation at infinity. An example of Yang-Mills memory then is obtained by reinterpreting known results on interactions of a quark and a large high energy nucleus in the theory of Color Glass Condensate. The memory signal is again a kick in transverse momentum, but it is only obtained in quantum theory after fixing the gauge, after summing over an ensemble of classical processes.
We show that, starting from known exact classical solutions of the Yang-Mills theory in three dimensions, the string tension is obtained and the potential is consistent with a marginally confining theory. The potential we obtain agrees fairly well with preceding findings in literature but here we derive it analytically from the theory without further assumptions. The string tension is in strict agreement with lattice results and the well-known theoretical result by Karabali-Kim-Nair analysis. Classical solutions depend on a dimensionless numerical factor arising from integration. This factor enters into the determination of the spectrum and has been arbitrarily introduced in some theoretical models. We derive it directly from the solutions of the theory and is now fully justified. The agreement obtained with the lattice results for the ground state of the theory is well below 1% at any value of the degree of the group.
We consider the twistor space ${cal P}^6cong{mathbb R}^4{times}{mathbb C}P^1$ of ${mathbb R}^4$ with a non-integrable almost complex structure ${cal J}$ such that the canonical bundle of the almost complex manifold $({cal P}^6, {cal J})$ is trivial. It is shown that ${cal J}$-holomorphic Chern-Simons theory on a real $(6|2)$-dimensional graded extension ${cal P}^{6|2}$ of the twistor space ${cal P}^6$ is equivalent to self-dual Yang-Mills theory on Euclidean space ${mathbb R}^4$ with Lorentz invariant action. It is also shown that adding a local term to a Chern-Simons-type action on ${cal P}^{6|2}$, one can extend it to a twistor action describing full Yang-Mills theory.
The collinear factorization properties of two-loop scattering amplitudes in dimensionally-regulated N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory suggest that, in the planar (t Hooft) limit, higher-loop contributions can be expressed entirely in terms of one-loop amplitudes. We demonstrate this relation explicitly for the two-loop four-point amplitude and, based on the collinear limits, conjecture an analogous relation for n-point amplitudes. The simplicity of the relation is consistent with intuition based on the AdS/CFT correspondence that the form of the large N_c L-loop amplitudes should be simple enough to allow a resummation to all orders.
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