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Register a new userLocal normal forms for multiplicity free $U(n)$ actions on coadjoint orbits
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Authors
Jeremy Lane
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Actions of $U(n)$ on $U(n+1)$ coadjoint orbits via embeddings of $U(n)$ into $U(n+1)$ are an important family of examples of multiplicity free spaces. They are related to Gelfand-Zeitlin completely integrable systems and multiplicity free branching rules in representation theory. This paper computes the Hamiltonian local normal forms of all such actions, at arbitrary points, in arbitrary $U(n+1)$ coadjoint orbits. The results are described using combinatorics of interlacing patterns; gadgets that describe the associated Kirwan polytopes.
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Coadjoint orbits and multiplicity free spaces of compact Lie groups are important examples of symplectic manifolds with Hamiltonian groups actions. Constructing action-angle variables on these spaces is a challenging task. A fundamental result in the field is the Guillemin-Sternberg construction of Gelfand-Zeitlin integrable systems for the groups $K=U(n), SO(n)$. Extending these results to groups of other types is one of the goals of this paper. Partial tropicalizations are Poisson spaces with constant Poisson bracket built using techniques of Poisson-Lie theory and the geometric crystals of Berenstein-Kazhdan. They provide a bridge between dual spaces of Lie algebras ${rm Lie}(K)^*$ with linear Poisson brackets and polyhedral cones which parametrize the canonical bases of irreducible modules of $G=K^mathbb{C}$. We generalize the construction of partial tropicalizations to allow for arbitrary cluster charts, and apply it to questions in symplectic geometry. For each regular coadjoint orbit of a compact group $K$, we construct an exhaustion by symplectic embeddings of toric domains. As a by product we arrive at a conjectured formula for Gromov width of regular coadjoint orbits. We prove similar results for multiplicity free $K$-spaces.
The main contribution of this manuscript is a local normal form for Hamiltonian actions of Poisson-Lie groups $K$ on a symplectic manifold equipped with an $AN$-valued moment map, where $AN$ is the dual Poisson-Lie group of $K$. Our proof uses the delinearization theorem of Alekseev which relates a classical Hamiltonian action of $K$ with $mathfrak{k}^*$-valued moment map to a Hamiltonian action with an $AN$-valued moment map, via a deformation of symplectic structures. We obtain our main result by proving a ``delinearization commutes with symplectic quotients theorem which is also of independent interest, and then putting this together with the local normal form theorem for classical Hamiltonian actions wtih $mathfrak{k}^*$-valued moment maps. A key ingredient for our main result is the delinearization $mathcal{D}(omega_{can})$ of the canonical symplectic structure on $T^*K$, so we additionally take some steps toward explicit computations of $mathcal{D}(omega_{can})$. In particular, in the case $K=SU(2)$, we obtain explicit formulas for the matrix coefficients of $mathcal{D}(omega_{can})$ with respect to a natural choice of coordinates on $T^*SU(2)$.
We prove that the Gromov width of coadjoint orbits of the symplectic group is at least equal to the upper bound known from the works of Zoghi and Caviedes. This establishes the actual Gromov width. Our work relies on a toric degeneration of a coadjoint orbit to a toric variety. The polytope associated to this toric variety is a string polytope arising from a string parametrization of elements of a crystal basis for a certain representation of the symplectic group.
Consider the restriction of an irreducible unitary representation $pi$ of a Lie group $G$ to its subgroup $H$. Kirillovs revolutionary idea on the orbit method suggests that the multiplicity of an irreducible $H$-module $ u$ occurring in the restriction $pi|_H$ could be read from the coadjoint action of $H$ on $O^G cap pr^{-1}(O^H)$ provided $pi$ and $ u$ are geometric quantizations of a $G$-coadjoint orbit $O^G$ and an $H$-coadjoint orbit $O^H$,respectively, where $pr: sqrt{-1} g^{ast} to sqrt{-1} h^{ast}$ is the projection dual to the inclusion $h subset g$ of Lie algebras. Such results were previously established by Kirillov, Corwin and Greenleaf for nilpotent Lie groups. In this article, we highlight specific elliptic orbits $O^G$ of a semisimple Lie group $G$ corresponding to highest weight modules of scalar type. We prove that the Corwin--Greenleaf number $sharp(O^G cap pr^{-1}(O^H))/H$ is either zero or one for any $H$-coadjoint orbit $O^H$, whenever $(G,H)$ is a symmetric pair of holomorphic type. Furthermore, we determine the coadjoint orbits $O^H$ with nonzero Corwin-Greenleaf number. Our results coincide with the prediction of the orbit philosophy, and can be seen as classical limits of the multiplicity-free branching laws of holomorphic discrete series representations (T.Kobayashi [Progr.Math.2007]).
In this paper, we show that every singular fiber of the Gelfand--Cetlin system on coadjoint orbits of unitary groups is a smooth isotropic submanifold which is diffeomorphic to a $2$-stage quotient of a compact Lie group by free actions of two other compact Lie groups. In many cases, these singular fibers can be shown to be homogeneous spaces or even diffeomorphic to compact Lie groups. We also give a combinatorial formula for computing the dimensions of all singular fibers, and give a detailed description of these singular fibers in many cases, including the so-called (multi-)diamond singularities. These (multi-)diamond singular fibers are degenerate for the Gelfand--Cetlin system, but they are Lagrangian submanifolds diffeomorphic to direct products of special unitary groups and tori. Our methods of study are based on different ideas involving complex ellipsoids, Lie groupoids, and also general ideas coming from the theory of singularities of integrable Hamiltonian systems.
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