No Arabic abstract
Let $Gamma$ be a torsion-free lattice of $text{PU}(p,1)$ with $p geq 2$ and let $(X,mu_X)$ be an ergodic standard Borel probability $Gamma$-space. We prove that any maximal Zariski dense measurable cocycle $sigma: Gamma times X longrightarrow text{SU}(m,n)$ is cohomologous to a cocycle associated to a representation of $text{PU}(p,1)$ into $text{SU}(m,n)$, with $1 < m leq n$. The proof follows the line of Zimmer Superrigidity Theorem and requires the existence of a boundary map, that we prove in a much more general setting. As a consequence of our result, it cannot exist a maximal measurable cocycle with the above properties when $n eq m$.
Given $Gamma < text{PU}(n,1)$ a torsion-free lattice and $(X,mu_X)$ a standard Borel $Gamma$-space, we introduce the notion of Toledo invariant of a measurable cocycle $sigma:Gamma times X rightarrow text{PU}(p,infty)$. Since that invariant has bounded absolute value, it makes sense to speak about maximality. We prove that any maximal measurable cocycle is finitely reducible, that is it admits a cohomologous cocycle with image contained in a copy of $text{PU}(p,np)$ inside $text{PU}(p,infty)$, which is a finite algebraic subgroup. Even if we do not provide a real rigidity result in this setting, our statement can be seen as the natural adaption of the results for representations due to Duchesne, Lecureux and Pozzetti. We conclude the paper by completing the analysis of maximal cocycles of complex hyperbolic lattices started in cite{sarti:savini} with a characterization of their algebraic hull.
Let $text{G}(n)$ be equal either to $text{PO}(n,1),text{PU}(n,1)$ or $text{PSp}(n,1)$ and let $Gamma leq text{G}(n)$ be a uniform lattice. Denote by $mathbb{H}^n_K$ the hyperbolic space associated to $text{G}(n)$, where $K$ is a division algebra over the reals of dimension $d=dim_{mathbb{R}} K$. Assume $d(n-1) geq 2$. In this paper we generalize natural maps to measurable cocycles. Given a standard Borel probability $Gamma$-space $(X,mu_X)$, we assume that a measurable cocycle $sigma:Gamma times X rightarrow text{G}(m)$ admits an essentially unique boundary map $phi:partial_infty mathbb{H}^n_K times X rightarrow partial_infty mathbb{H}^m_K$ whose slices $phi_x:mathbb{H}^n_K rightarrow mathbb{H}^m_K$ are atomless for almost every $x in X$. Then, there exists a $sigma$-equivariant measurable map $F: mathbb{H}^n_K times X rightarrow mathbb{H}^m_K$ whose slices $F_x:mathbb{H}^n_K rightarrow mathbb{H}^m_K$ are differentiable for almost every $x in X$ and such that $text{Jac}_a F_x leq 1$ for every $a in mathbb{H}^n_K$ and almost every $x in X$. The previous properties allow us to define the natural volume $text{NV}(sigma)$ of the cocycle $sigma$. This number satisfies the inequality $text{NV}(sigma) leq text{Vol}(Gamma backslash mathbb{H}^n_K)$. Additionally, the equality holds if and only if $sigma$ is cohomologous to the cocycle induced by the standard lattice embedding $i:Gamma rightarrow text{G}(n) leq text{G}(m)$, modulo possibly a compact subgroup of $text{G}(m)$ when $m>n$. Given a continuous map $f:M rightarrow N$ between compact hyperbolic manifolds, we also obtain an adaptation of the mapping degree theorem to this context.
Multiplicative constants are a fundamental tool in the study of maximal representations. In this paper we show how to extend such notion, and the associated framework, to measurable cocycles theory. As an application of this approach, we define and study the Cartan invariant for measurable $textup{PU}(m,1)$-cocycles of complex hyperbolic lattices.
Following the work of Burger, Iozzi and Wienhard for representations, in this paper we introduce the notion of maximal measurable cocycles of a surface group. More precisely, let $mathbf{G}$ be a semisimple algebraic $mathbb{R}$-group such that $G=mathbf{G}(mathbb{R})^circ$ is of Hermitian type. If $Gamma leq L$ is a torsion-free lattice of a finite connected covering of $text{PU}(1,1)$, given a standard Borel probability $Gamma$-space $(Omega,mu_Omega)$, we introduce the notion of Toledo invariant for a measurable cocycle $sigma:Gamma times Omega rightarrow G$. The Toledo remains unchanged along $G$-cohomology classes and its absolute value is bounded by the rank of $G$. This allows to define maximal measurable cocycles. We show that the algebraic hull $mathbf{H}$ of a maximal cocycle $sigma$ is reductive and the centralizer of $H=mathbf{H}(mathbb{R})^circ$ is compact. If additionally $sigma$ admits a boundary map, then $H$ is of tube type and $sigma$ is cohomologous to a cocycle stabilizing a unique maximal tube-type subdomain. This result is analogous to the one obtained for representations. In the particular case $G=text{PU}(n,1)$ maximality is sufficient to prove that $sigma$ is cohomologous to a cocycle preserving a complex geodesic. We conclude with some remarks about boundary maps of maximal Zariski dense cocycles.
As for the theory of maximal representations, we introduce the volume of a Zimmers cocycle $Gamma times X rightarrow mbox{PO}^circ(n, 1)$, where $Gamma$ is a torsion-free (non-)uniform lattice in $mbox{PO}^circ(n, 1)$, with $n geq 3$, and $X$ is a suitable standard Borel probability $Gamma$-space. Our numerical invariant extends the volume of representations for (non-)uniform lattices to measurable cocycles and in the uniform setting it agrees with the generalized version of the Euler number of self-couplings. We prove that our volume of cocycles satisfies a Milnor-Wood type inequality in terms of the volume of the manifold $Gamma backslash mathbb{H}^n$. This invariant can be interpreted as a suitable multiplicative constant between bounded cohomology classes. This allows us to characterize maximal cocycles for being cohomologous to the cocycle induced by the standard lattice embedding via a measurable map $X rightarrow mbox{PO}(n, 1)$ with essentially constant sign. As a by-product of our rigidity result for the volume of cocycles, we give a new proof of the mapping degree theorem. This allows us to provide a complete characterization of maps homotopic to local isometries between closed hyperbolic manifolds in terms of maximal cocycles. In dimension $n = 2$, we introduce the notion of Euler number of measurable cocycles associated to closed surface groups. It extends the classic Euler number of representations and it agrees with the generalized version of the Euler number of self-couplings up to a multiplicative constant. We show a Milnor-Wood type inequality whose upper bound is given by the modulus of the Euler characteristic. This gives an alternative proof of the same result for the generalized version of the Euler number of self-couplings. Finally, we characterize maximal cocycles as those which are cohomologous to the one induced by a hyperbolization.