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Register a new userHilbert Schemes, Donaldson-Thomas Theory, Vafa-Witten and Seiberg Witten theories
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Authors
Artan Sheshmani
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This article provides a summary of arXiv:1701.08899 and arXiv:1701.08902 where the authors studied the enumerative geometry of nested Hilbert schemes of points and curves on algebraic surfaces and their connections to threefold theories, and in particular relevant Donaldson-Thomas, Vafa-Witten and Seiberg-Witten theories.
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We conjecture an equivalence between the Gromov-Witten theory of 3-folds and the holomorphic Chern-Simons theory of Donaldson-Thomas. For Calabi-Yau 3-folds, the equivalence is defined by the change of variables, exp(iu)=-q, where u is the genus parameter of GW theory and q is charge parameter of DT theory. The conjecture is proven for local Calabi-Yau toric surfaces.
We discuss the GW/DT correspondence for 3-folds in both the absolute and relative cases. Descendents in Gromov-Witten theory are conjectured to be equivalent to Chern characters of the universal sheaf in Donaldson-Thomas theory. Relative constraints in Gromov-Witten theory are conjectured to correspond in Donaldson-Thomas theory to cohomology classes of the Hilbert scheme of points of the relative divisor. Independent of the conjectural framework, we prove degree 0 formulas for the absolute and relative Donaldson-Thomas theories of toric varieties.
We conjecture a formula for the refined $mathrm{SU}(3)$ Vafa-Witten invariants of any smooth surface $S$ satisfying $H_1(S,mathbb{Z}) = 0$ and $p_g(S)>0$. The unrefined formula corrects a proposal by Labastida-Lozano and involves unexpected algebraic expressions in modular functions. We prove that our formula satisfies a refined $S$-duality modularity transformation. We provide evidence for our formula by calculating virtual $chi_y$-genera of moduli spaces of rank 3 stable sheaves on $S$ in examples using Mochizukis formula. Further evidence is based on the recent definition of refined $mathrm{SU}(r)$ Vafa-Witten invariants by Maulik-Thomas and subsequent calculations on nested Hilbert schemes by Thomas (rank 2) and Laarakker (rank 3).
In [MT2] the Vafa-Witten theory of complex projective surfaces is lifted to oriented $mathbb C^*$-equivariant cohomology theories. Here we study the K-theoretic refinement. It gives rational functions in $t^{1/2}$ invariant under $t^{1/2}leftrightarrow t^{-1/2}$ which specialise to numerical Vafa-Witten invariants at $t=1$. On the instanton branch the invariants give the virtual $chi_{-t}^{}$-genus refinement of Gottsche-Kool. Applying modularity to their calculations gives predictions for the contribution of the monopole branch. We calculate some cases and find perfect agreement. We also do calculations on K3 surfaces, finding Jacobi forms refining the usual modular forms, proving a conjecture of Gottsche-Kool. We determine the K-theoretic virtual classes of degeneracy loci using Eagon-Northcott complexes, and show they calculate refined Vafa-Witten invariants. Using this Laarakker [Laa] proves universality results for the invariants.
We propose a definition of Vafa-Witten invariants counting semistable Higgs pairs on a polarised surface. We use virtual localisation applied to Mochizuki/Joyce-Song pairs. For $K_Sle0$ we expect our definition coincides with an alternative definition using weighted Euler characteristics. We prove this for deg $K_S<0$ here, and it is proved for $S$ a K3 surface in cite{MT}. For K3 surfaces we calculate the invariants in terms of modular forms which generalise and prove conjectures of Vafa and Witten.
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