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Register a new userMagnetic imaging of antiferromagnetic domain walls
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The control of domain walls or spin textures is crucial for spintronic applications of antiferromagnets. Despite many efforts, it has been challenging to directly visualize antiferromagnetic domains or domain walls with nanoscale resolution, especially in magnetic field. Here, we report magnetic imaging of domain walls in several uniaxial antiferromagnets, the topological insulator MnBi$_2$Te$_4$ family and the Dirac semimetal EuMnBi$_2$, using cryogenic magnetic force microscopy (MFM). Our MFM results reveal higher magnetic susceptibility or net moments inside the domain walls than in domains. Domain walls in these antiferromagnets form randomly with strong thermal and magnetic field dependences. The direct visualization of domain walls and domain structure in magnetic field will not only facilitate the exploration of intrinsic phenomena in topological antiferromagnets, but also open a new path toward control and manipulation of domain walls or spin textures in functional antiferromagnets.
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Magnetotransport measurements on small single crystals of Cr, the elemental antiferromagnet, reveal the hysteretic thermodynamics of the domain structure. The temperature dependence of the transport coefficients is directly correlated with the real-space evolution of the domain configuration as recorded by x-ray microprobe imaging, revealing the effect of antiferromagnetic domain walls on electron transport. A single antiferromagnetic domain wall interface resistance is deduced to be of order $5times10^{-5}mathrm{muOmegacdot cm^{2}}$ at a temperature of 100 K.
We report several procedures for the robust nucleation of magnetic domain walls in cylindrical permalloy nanowires. Specific features of the magnetic force microscopy contrast of such soft wires are discussed, with a view to avoid the misinterpretation of the magnetization states. The domain walls could be moved under quasistatic magnetic fields in the range 0.1--10 mT.
The chirality-dependent magnetoelectric properties of Neel-type domain walls in iron garnet films is observed. The electrically driven magnetic domain wall motion changes the direction to the opposite with the reversal of electric polarity of the probe and with the chirality switching of the domain wall from clockwise to counterclockwise. This proves that the origin of the electric field induced micromagnetic structure transformation is inhomogeneous magnetoelectric interaction.
The behavior of antiferromagnetic domain wall (ADW) against the background of a periodic ferroelectric domain structure has been investigated. It has been shown that the structure and the energy of ADW change due to the interaction with a ferroelectric domain structure. The ferroelectric domain boundaries play the role of pins for magnetic spins, the spin density changes in the vicinity of ferroelectric walls. The ADW energy becomes a periodical function on a coordinate which is the position of ADW relative to the ferroelectric domain structure. It has been shown that the energy of the magnetic domain wall attains minimum values when the center of the ADW coincides with the ferroelectric wall and the periodic ferroelectric structure creates periodic coercitivity for the ADW. The neighbouring equilibrium states of the ADW are separated by a finite potential barrier.
Spin wave, the collective excitation of magnetic order, is one of the fundamental angular momentum carriers in magnetic systems. Understanding the spin wave propagation in magnetic textures lies in the heart of developing pure magnetic information processing schemes. Here we show that the spin wave propagation across a chiral domain wall follows simple geometric trajectories, similar to the geometric optics. And the geometric behaviors are qualitatively different in normally magnetized film and tangentially magnetized film. We identify the lateral shift, refraction, and total reflection of spin wave across a ferromagnetic domain wall. Moreover, these geometric scattering phenomena become polarization-dependent in antiferromagnets, indicating the emergence of spin wave birefringence inside antiferromagnetic domain wall.
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