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Register a new userIceCube as a Multi-messenger Follow-up Observatory for Astrophysical Transients
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Added by
Justin Vandenbroucke
Publication date
2019
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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The recent association between IC-170922A and the blazar TXS0506+056 highlights the importance of real-time observations for identifying possible astrophysical neutrino sources. Thanks to its near-100% duty cycle, 4$pi$ steradian field of view, and excellent sensitivity over many decades of energy, IceCube is well suited both to generate alerts for follow-up by other instruments and to rapidly follow up alerts generated by other instruments. Detection of neutrinos in coincidence with transient astrophysical phenomena serves as a smoking gun for hadronic processes and supplies essential information about the identities and mechanisms of cosmic-ray accelerators. In 2016, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory established a pipeline to rapidly search for neutrinos from astrophysical transients on timescales ranging from a fraction of a second to multiple weeks. Since then, 67 dedicated analyses have been performed searching for associations between IceCube neutrinos and astrophysical transients reported by radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray instruments in addition to searching for lower energy neutrino signals in association with IceCubes own high-energy alerts. We present the event selection, maximum likelihood analysis method, and sensitivity of the IceCube real-time pipeline. We also summarize the results of all follow-up analyses to date.
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Realtime analyses are necessary to identify the source of high energy neutrinos. As an observatory with a 4$pi$ steradian field of view and near-100% duty cycle, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a unique facility for investigating transients. In 2016, IceCube established a pipeline that uses low-latency data to rapidly respond to astrophysical events that were of interest to the multi-messenger observational community. Here, we describe this pipeline and summarize the results from all of the analyses performed since 2016. We focus not only on those analyses which were performed in response to transients identified using other messengers such as photons and gravitational waves, but also on how this pipeline can be used to constrain populations of astrophysical neutrino transients by following up high-energy neutrino alerts.
In multi-messenger astronomy, rapid investigation of interesting transients is imperative. As an observatory with a 4$pi$ steradian field of view and $sim$99% uptime, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a unique facility to follow up transients, and to provide valuable insight for other observatories and inform their observing decisions. Since 2016, IceCube has been using low-latency data to rapidly respond to interesting astrophysical events reported by the multi-messenger observational community. Here, we describe the pipeline used to perform these follow up analyses and provide a summary of the 58 analyses performed as of July 2020. We find no significant signal in the first 58 analyses performed. The pipeline has helped inform various electromagnetic observing strategies, and has constrained neutrino emission from potential hadronic cosmic accelerators.
DeepCore, as a densely instrumented sub-detector of IceCube, extends IceCubes energy reach down to about 10 GeV, enabling the search for astrophysical transient sources, e.g., choked gamma-ray bursts. While many other past and on-going studies focus on triggered time-dependent analyses, we aim to utilize a newly developed event selection and dataset for an untriggered all-sky time-dependent search for transients. In this work, all-flavor neutrinos are used, where neutrino types are determined based on the topology of the events. We extend the previous DeepCore transient half-sky search to an all-sky search and focus only on short timescale sources (with a duration of $10^2 sim 10^5$ seconds). All-sky sensitivities to transients in an energy range from 10 GeV to 300 GeV will be presented in this poster. We show that DeepCore can be reliably used for all-sky searches for short-lived astrophysical sources.
Most violent and energetic processes in our universe, including mergers of compact objects, explosions of massive stars and extreme accretion events, produce copious amounts of X-rays. X-ray follow-up is an efficient tool for identifying transients because (1) X-rays can quickly localize transients with large error circles, and (2) X-rays reveal the nature of transients that may not have unique signatures at other wavelengths. In this white paper, we identify key science questions about several extragalactic multi-messenger and multi-wavelength transients, and demonstrate how X-ray follow-up helps answer these questions
On February 17 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swifts X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.
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