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Register a new userDiscrete orthogonality relations for multi-indexed Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials
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The discrete orthogonality relations hold for all the orthogonal polynomials obeying three term recurrence relations. We show that they also hold for multi-indexed Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials, which are new orthogonal polynomials obtained by deforming these classical orthogonal polynomials. The discrete orthogonality relations could be considered as more encompassing characterisation of orthogonal polynomials than the three term recurrence relations. As the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials start at a positive degree $ell_{mathcal D}ge1$, the three term recurrence relations are broken. The extra $ell_{mathcal D}$ `lower degree polynomials, which are necessary for the discrete orthogonality relations, are identified. The corresponding Christoffel numbers are determined. The main results are obtained by the blow-up analysis of the second order differential operators governing the multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials around the zeros of these polynomials at a degree $mathcal{N}$. The discrete orthogonality relations are shown to hold for another group of `new orthogonal polynomials called Krein-Adler polynomials based on the Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials.
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The present paper is about Bernstein-type estimates for Jacobi polynomials and their applications to various branches in mathematics. This is an old topic but we want to add a new wrinkle by establishing some intriguing connections with dispersive estimates for a certain class of Schrodinger equations whose Hamiltonian is given by the generalized Laguerre operator. More precisely, we show that dispersive estimates for the Schrodinger equation associated with the generalized Laguerre operator are connected with Bernstein-type inequalities for Jacobi polynomials. We use known uniform estimates for Jacobi polynomials to establish some new dispersive estimates. In turn, the optimal dispersive decay estimates lead to new Bernstein-type inequalities.
We consider a set of measures on the real line and the corresponding system of multiple orthogonal polynomials (MOPs) of the first and second type. Under some very mild assumptions, which are satisfied by Angelesco systems, we define self-adjoint Jacobi matrices on certain rooted trees. We express their Greens functions and the matrix elements in terms of MOPs. This provides a generalization of the well-known connection between the theory of polynomials orthogonal on the real line and Jacobi matrices on $mathbb{Z}_+$ to higher dimension. We illustrate importance of this connection by proving ratio asymptotics for MOPs using methods of operator theory.
The Cholesky factorization of the moment matrix is applied to discrete orthogonal polynomials on the homogeneous lattice. In particular, semiclassical discrete orthogonal polynomials, which are built in terms of a discrete Pearson equation, are studied. The Laguerre-Freud structure semi-infinite matrix that models the shifts by $pm 1$ in the independent variable of the set of orthogonal polynomials is introduced. In the semiclassical case it is proven that this Laguerre-Freud matrix is banded. From the well known fact that moments of the semiclassical weights are logarithmic derivatives of generalized hypergeometric functions, it is shown how the contiguous relations for these hypergeometric functions translate as symmetries for the corresponding moment matrix. It is found that the 3D Nijhoff-Capel discrete Toda lattice describes the corresponding contiguous shifts for the squared norms of the orthogonal polynomials. The continuous Toda for these semiclassical discrete orthogonal polynomials is discussed and the compatibility equations are derived. It also shown that the Kadomtesev-Petvishvilii equation is connected to an adequate deformed semiclassical discrete weight, but in this case the deformation do not satisfy a Pearson equation.
The Cholesky factorization of the moment matrix is considered for the generalized Charlier, generalized Meixner and generalized Hahn of type I discrete orthogonal polynomials. For the generalized Charlier we present an alternative derivation of the Laguerre-Freud relations found by Smet and Van Assche. Third order and second order order nonlinear ordinary differential equations are found for the recursion coefficient $gamma_n$. Laguerre-Freud relations are also found for the generalized Meixner case, which are compared with those of Smet and Van Assche. Finally, the generalized Hahn of type I discrete orthogonal polynomials are studied as well, and Laguerre-Freud equations are found and the differences with the equations found by Dominici and by Filipuk and Van Assche are given.
An algebra denoted $mmathfrak{H}$ with three generators is introduced and shown to admit embeddings of the Hahn algebra and the rational Hahn algebra. It has a real version of the deformed Jordan plane as a subalgebra whose connection with Hahn polynomials is established. Representation bases corresponding to eigenvalue or generalized eigenvalue problems involving the generators are considered. Overlaps between these bases are shown to be bispectral orthogonal polynomials or biorthogonal rational functions thereby providing a unified description of these functions based on $mmathfrak{H}$. Models in terms of differential and difference operators are used to identify explicitly the underlying special functions as Hahn polynomials and rational functions and to determine their characterizations. An embedding of $mmathfrak{H}$ in $mathcal{U}(mathfrak{sl}_2)$ is presented. A Pade approximation table for the binomial function is obtained as a by-product.
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