No Arabic abstract
Strongly out-of-equilibrium regimes in magnetic nanostructures exhibit novel properties, linked to the nonlinear nature of magnetization dynamics, which are of great fundamental and practical interest. Here, we demonstrate that field-driven ferromagnetic resonance can occur with substantial spatial coherency at unprecedented large angle of magnetization precessions, which is normally prevented by the onset of spin-wave instabilities and magnetization turbulent dynamics. Our results show that this limitation can be overcome in nanomagnets, where the geometric confinement drastically reduces the density of spin-wave modes. The obtained deeply nonlinear ferromagnetic resonance regime is probed by a new spectroscopic technique based on the application of a second excitation field. This enables to resonantly drive slow coherent magnetization nutations around the large angle periodic trajectory. Our experimental findings are well accounted for by an analytical model derived for systems with uniaxial symmetry. They also provide new means for controlling highly nonlinear magnetization dynamics in nanostructures, which open interesting applicative opportunities in the context of magnetic nanotechnologies.
The inertial dynamics of magnetization in a ferromagnet is investigated theoretically. The analytically derived dynamic response upon microwave excitation shows two peaks: ferromagnetic and nutation resonances. The exact analytical expressions of frequency and linewidth of the magnetic nutation resonance are deduced from the frequency dependent susceptibility determined by the inertial Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The study shows that the dependence of nutation linewidth on the Gilbert precession damping has a minimum, which becomes more expressive with increase of the applied magnetic field.
The resonant enhancement of mechanical and optical interaction in optomechanical cavities enables their use as extremely sensitive displacement and force detectors. In this work we demonstrate a hybrid magnetometer that exploits the coupling between the resonant excitation of spin waves in a ferromagnetic insulator and the resonant excitation of the breathing mechanical modes of a glass microsphere deposited on top. The interaction is mediated by magnetostriction in the ferromagnetic material and the consequent mechanical driving of the microsphere. The magnetometer response thus relies on the spectral overlap between the ferromagnetic resonance and the mechanical modes of the sphere, leading to a peak sensitivity better than 900 pT Hz$^{-1/2}$ at 206 MHz when the overlap is maximized. By externally tuning the ferromagnetic resonance frequency with a static magnetic field we demonstrate sensitivity values at resonance around a few nT Hz$^{-1/2}$ up to the GHz range. Our results show that our hybrid system can be used to build high-speed sensor of oscillating magnetic fields.
We have theoretically studied how resonant spin wave modes in an elliptical nanomagnet are affected by fabrication defects, such as small local thickness variations. Our results indicate that defects of this nature, which can easily result from the fabrication process, or are sometimes deliberately introduced during the fabrication process, will significantly alter the frequencies, magnetic field dependence of the frequencies, and the power and phase profiles of the resonant spin wave modes. They can also spawn new resonant modes and quench existing ones. All this has important ramifications for multi-device circuits based on spin waves, such as phase locked oscillators for neuromorphic computing, where the device-to-device variability caused by defects can be inhibitory.
Surface acoustic waves (SAW) in the GHz frequency range are exploited for the all-elastic excitation and detection of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in a ferromagnetic/ferroelectric (nickel/lithium niobate) hybrid device. We measure the SAW magneto-transmission at room temperature as a function of frequency, external magnetic field magnitude, and orientation. Our data are well described by a modified Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert approach, in which a virtual, strain-induced tickle field drives the magnetization precession. This causes a distinct magnetic field orientation dependence of elastically driven FMR that we observe in both model and experiment.
We present a theoretical analysis of current driven ferromagnetic resonance in a ferromagnet/normal-metal/ferromagnet tri-layer. This method of driving ferromagnetic resonance was recently realized experimentally by Tulapurkar et al. [Nature 438, 339 (2005)] and Sankey et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 227601 (2006)]. The precessing magnetization rectifies the alternating current applied to drive the ferromagnetic resonance and leads to the generation of a dc voltage. Our analysis shows that a second mechanism to generate a dc voltage, rectification of spin currents emitted by the precessing magnetization, has a contribution to the dc voltage that is of approximately equal size for the thin ferromagnetic films used in the experiment.