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Register a new userAn innovative method to determine optimum insulation thickness based on non-uniform adaptive moving grid
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Added by
Denys Dutykh
Publication date
2019
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
Authors
Suelen Gasparin
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It is well known that thermal insulation is a leading strategy for reducing energy consumption associated to heating or cooling processes in buildings. Nevertheless, building insulation can generate high expenditures so that the selection of an optimum insulation thickness requires a detailed energy simulation as well as an economic analysis. In this way, the present study proposes an innovative non-uniform adaptive method to determine the optimal insulation thickness of external walls. First, the method is compared with a reference solution to properly understand the features of the method, which can provide high accuracy with less spatial nodes. Then, the adaptive method is used to simulate the transient heat conduction through the building envelope of buildings located in Brazil, where there is a large potential of energy reduction. Simulations have been efficiently carried out for different wall and roof configurations, showing that the innovative method efficiently provides a gain of 25% on the computer run time.
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We introduce an FFT-based solver for the combinatorial continuous maximum flow discretization applied to computing the minimum cut through heterogeneous microstructures. Recently, computational methods were introduced for computing the effective crack energy of periodic and random media. These were based on the continuous minimum cut-maximum flow duality of G. Strang, and made use of discretizations based on trigonometric polynomials and finite elements. For maximum flow problems on graphs, node-based discretization methods avoid metrication artifacts associated to edge-based discretizations. We discretize the minimum cut problem on heterogeneous microstructures by the combinatorial continuous maximum flow discretization introduced by Couprie et al. Furthermore, we introduce an associated FFT-based ADMM solver and provide several adaptive strategies for choosing numerical parameters. We demonstrate the salient features of the proposed approach on problems of industrial scale.
Blazars are usually classified following their synchrotron peak frequency ($ u F( u)$ scale) as high, intermediate, low frequency peaked BL Lacs (HBLs, IBLs, LBLs), and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), or, according to their radio morphology at large scale, FR~I or FR~II. However, the diversity of blazars is such that these classes seem insufficient to chart the specific properties of each source. We propose to classify a wide sample of blazars following the kinematic features of their radio jets seen in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). For this purpose we use public data from the MOJAVE collaboration in which we select a sample of blazars with known redshift and sufficient monitoring to constrain apparent velocities. We selected 161 blazars from a sample of 200 sources. We identify three distinct classes of VLBI jets depending on radio knot kinematics: class I with quasi-stationary knots, class II with knots in relativistic motion from the radio core, and class I/II, intermediate, showing quasi-stationary knots at the jet base and relativistic motions downstream. A notable result is the good overlap of this kinematic classification with the usual spectral classification; class I corresponds to HBLs, class II to FSRQs, and class I/II to IBLs/LBLs. We deepen this study by characterizing the physical parameters of jets from VLBI radio data. Hence we focus on the singular case of the class I/II by the study of the blazar BL Lac itself. Finally we show how the interpretation that radio knots are recollimation shocks is fully appropriate to describe the characteristics of these three classes.
During development, organisms acquire three-dimensional shapes with important physiological consequences. While the basic mechanisms underlying morphogenesis are known in eukaryotes, it is often difficult to manipulate them in vivo. To circumvent this issue, here we present a study of developing Vibrio cholerae biofilms grown on agar substrates in which the spatiotemporal morphological patterns were altered by varying the agar concentration. Expanding biofilms are initially flat, but later experience a mechanical instability and become wrinkled. Whereas the peripheral region develops ordered radial stripes, the central region acquires a zigzag herringbone-like wrinkle pattern. Depending on the agar concentration, the wrinkles initially appear either in the peripheral region and propagate inward (low agar concentration) or in the central region and propagate outward (high agar concentration). To understand these experimental observations, we developed a model that considers diffusion of nutrients and their uptake by bacteria, bacterial growth/biofilm matrix production, mechanical deformation of both the biofilm and the agar, and the friction between them. Our model demonstrates that depletion of nutrients beneath the central region of the biofilm results in radially-dependent growth profiles, which in turn, produce anisotropic stresses that dictate the morphology of wrinkles. Furthermore, we predict that increasing surface friction (agar concentration) reduces stress anisotropy and shifts the location of the maximum compressive stress, where the wrinkling instability first occurs, toward the center of the biofilm, in agreement with our experimental observations. Our results are broadly applicable to bacterial biofilms with similar morphologies and also provide insight into how other bacterial biofilms form distinct wrinkle patterns.
The radiative transfer equation models the interaction of radiation with scattering and absorbing media and has important applications in various fields in science and engineering. It is an integro-differential equation involving time, space and angular variables and contains an integral term in angular directions while being hyperbolic in space. The challenges for its numerical solution include the needs to handle with its high dimensionality, the presence of the integral term, and the development of discontinuities and sharp layers in its solution along spatial directions. Its numerical solution is studied in this paper using an adaptive moving mesh discontinuous Galerkin method for spatial discretization together with the discrete ordinate method for angular discretization. The former employs a dynamic mesh adaptation strategy based on moving mesh partial differential equations to improve computational accuracy and efficiency. Its mesh adaptation ability, accuracy, and efficiency are demonstrated in a selection of one- and two-dimensional numerical examples.
Variable and higher pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) are increasingly being used to meet the stricter requirements and complexities of current airborne and spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems associated with higher resolution and wider area products. POLYPHASE, the proposed resampling scheme, downsamples and unifies variable PRFs within a single look complex (SLC) SAR acquisition and across a repeat pass sequence of acquisitions down to an effective lower PRF. A sparsity condition of the received SAR data ensures that the uniformly resampled data approximates the spectral properties of a decimated densely sampled version of the received SAR data. While experiments conducted with both synthetically generated and real airborne SAR data show that POLYPHASE retains comparable performance to the state-of-the-art BLUI scheme in image quality, a polyphase filter-based implementation of POLYPHASE offers significant computational savings for arbitrary (not necessarily periodic) input PRF variations, thus allowing fully on-board, in-place, and real-time implementation.
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