We consider a model of a particle trapped in a harmonic optical trap but with the addition of a non-conservative radiation induced force. This model is known to correctly describe experimentally observed trapped particle statistics for a wide range of physical parameters such as temperature and pressure. We theoretically analyse the effect of non-conservative force on the underlying steady state distribution as well as the power spectrum for the particle position. We compute perturbatively the probability distribution of the resulting non-equilibrium steady states for all dynamical regimes, underdamped through to overdamped and give expressions for the associated currents in phase space (position and velocity). We also give the spectral density of the trapped particles position in all dynamical regimes and for any value of the non-conservative force. Signatures of the presence non-conservative forces are shown to be particularly strong for in the underdamped regime at low frequencies.
We present results from a series of experiments on a granular medium sheared in a Couette geometry and show that their statistical properties can be computed in a quantitative way from the assumption that the resultant from the set of forces acting in the system performs a Brownian motion. The same assumption has been utilised, with success, to describe other phenomena, such as the Barkhausen effect in ferromagnets, and so the scheme suggests itself as a more general description of a wider class of driven instabilities.
We propose a new look at the heat bath for two Brownian particles, in which the heat bath as a `system is both perturbed and sensed by the Brownian particles. Non-local thermal fluctuation give rise to bath-mediated static forces between the particles. Based on the general sum-rule of the linear response theory, we derive an explicit relation linking these forces to the friction kernel describing the particles dynamics. The relation is analytically confirmed in the case of two solvable models and could be experimentally challenged. Our results point out that the inclusion of the environment as a part of the whole system is important for micron- or nano-scale physics.
We study the small mass limit (or: the Smoluchowski-Kramers limit) of a class of quantum Brownian motions with inhomogeneous damping and diffusion. For Ohmic bath spectral density with a Lorentz-Drude cutoff, we derive the Heisenberg-Langevin equations for the particles observables using a quantum stochastic calculus approach. We set the mass of the particle to equal $m = m_{0} epsilon$, the reduced Planck constant to equal $hbar = epsilon$ and the cutoff frequency to equal $Lambda = E_{Lambda}/epsilon$, where $m_0$ and $E_{Lambda}$ are positive constants, so that the particles de Broglie wavelength and the largest energy scale of the bath are fixed as $epsilon to 0$. We study the limit as $epsilon to 0$ of the rescaled model and derive a limiting equation for the (slow) particles position variable. We find that the limiting equation contains several drift correction terms, the quantum noise-induced drifts, including terms of purely quantum nature, with no classical counterparts.
We present a generalization of the inertial coupling (IC) [Usabiaga et al. J. Comp. Phys. 2013] which permits the resolution of radiation forces on small particles with arbitrary acoustic contrast factor. The IC method is based on a Eulerian-Lagrangian approach: particles move in continuum space while the fluid equations are solved in a regular mesh (here we use the finite volume method). Thermal fluctuations in the fluid stress, important below the micron scale, are also taken into account following the Landau-Lifshitz fluid description. Each particle is described by a minimal cost resolution which consists on a single small kernel (bell-shaped function) concomitant to the particle. The main role of the particle kernel is to interpolate fluid properties and spread particle forces. Here, we extend the kernel functionality to allow for an arbitrary particle compressibility. The particle-fluid force is obtained from an imposed no-slip constraint which enforces similar particle and kernel fluid velocities. This coupling is instantaneous and permits to capture the fast, non-linear effects underlying the radiation forces on particles. Acoustic forces arise either because an excess in particle compressibility (monopolar term) or in mass (dipolar contribution) over the fluid values. Comparison with theoretical expressions show that the present generalization of the IC method correctly reproduces both contributions. Due to its low computational cost, the present method allows for simulations with many particles using a standard Graphical Processor Unit (GPU).
We present an analytical formalism, supported by numerical simulations, for studying forces that act on curved walls following temperature quenches of the surrounding ideal Brownian fluid. We show that, for curved surfaces, the post-quench forces initially evolve rapidly to an extremal value, whereafter they approach their steady state value algebraically in time. In contrast to the previously-studied case of flat boundaries (lines or planes), the algebraic decay for the curved geometries depends on the dimension of the system. Specifically, the steady-state values of the force are approached in time as $t^{-d/2}$ in d-dimensional spherical (curved) geometries. For systems consisting of concentric circles or spheres, the exponent does not change for the force on the outer circle or sphere. However, the force exerted on the inner circle or sphere experiences an overshoot and, as a result, does not evolve towards the steady state in a simple algebraic manner. The extremal value of the force also depends on the dimension of the system, and originates from the curved boundaries and the fact that particles inside a sphere or circle are locally more confined, and diffuse less freely than particles outside the circle or sphere.
Matthieu Mangeat
,Yacine Amarouchene
,Yann Louyer
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(2018)
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"The role of non-conservative scattering forces and damping on Brownian particles in optical traps"
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David S. Dean
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