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Register a new userPrincipal orbit type theorems for reductive algebraic group actions and the Kempf--Ness Theorem
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Nolan R. Wallach
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The main result asserts: Let $G$ be a reductive, affine algebraic group and let $(rho ,V)$ be a regular representation of $G$. Let $X$ be an irreducible $mathbb{C}^{ times } G$ invariant Zariski closed subset such that $G$ has a closed orbit that has maximal dimension among all orbits (this is equivalent to: generic orbits are closed). Then there exists an open subset, $W$,of $X$ in the metric topology which is dense with complement of measure $0$ such that if $x ,y in W$ then $left (mathbb{C}^{ times } Gright )_{x}$ is conjugate to $left (mathbb{C}^{ times } Gright )_{y}$. Furthermore, if $G x$ is a closed orbit of maximal dimension and if $x$ is a smooth point of $X$ then there exists $y in W$ such that $left (mathbb{C}^{ times } Gright )_{x}$ contains a conjugate of $left (mathbb{C}^{ times } Gright )_{y}$. The proof involves using the Kempf-Ness theorem to reduce the result to the principal orbit type theorem for compact Lie groups.
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An textit{algebraic} action of a discrete group $Gamma $ is a homomorphism from $Gamma $ to the group of continuous automorphisms of a compact abelian group $X$. By duality, such an action of $Gamma $ is determined by a module $M=widehat{X}$ over the integer group ring $mathbb{Z}Gamma $ of $Gamma $. The simplest examples of such modules are of the form $M=mathbb{Z}Gamma /mathbb{Z}Gamma f$ with $fin mathbb{Z}Gamma $; the corresponding algebraic action is the textit{principal algebraic $Gamma $-action} $alpha _f$ defined by $f$. In this note we prove the following extensions of results by Hayes cite{Hayes} on ergodicity of principal algebraic actions: If $Gamma $ is a countably infinite discrete group which is not virtually cyclic, and if $finmathbb{Z}Gamma $ satisfies that right multiplication by $f$ on $ell ^2(Gamma ,mathbb{R})$ is injective, then the principal $Gamma $-action $alpha _f$ is ergodic (Theorem ref{t:ergodic2}). If $Gamma $ contains a finitely generated subgroup with a single end (e.g. a finitely generated amenable subgroup which is not virtually cyclic), or an infinite nonamenable subgroup with vanishing first $ell ^2$-Betti number (e.g., an infinite property $T$ subgroup), the injectivity condition on $f$ can be replaced by the weaker hypothesis that $f$ is not a right zero-divisor in $mathbb{Z}Gamma $ (Theorem ref{t:ergodic1}). Finally, if $Gamma $ is torsion-free, not virtually cyclic, and satisfies Linnells textit{analytic zero-divisor conjecture}, then $alpha _f$ is ergodic for every $fin mathbb{Z}Gamma $ (Remark ref{r:analytic zero divisor}).
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