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Register a new userMeasurement of proton quenching in a LAB based liquid scintillator
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Linear alkylbenzene has been recently used as the solvent of liquid scintillator by several neutrino experiments. The energy quenching effect of a linear alkylbenzene based liquid scintillator is studied in this paper with a 14 MeV D-T compact neutron generator, to improve the energy non-linearity modelling of this kind of detectors. The recoiled proton in the liquid scintillator has a kinetic energy ranging from 0.5 MeV to 13 MeV. The data is used to extract the parameters of the Birks law, an empirical model to describe the energy quenching effect of the liquid scintillator.
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The $alpha$-particle light response of liquid scintillators based on linear alkylbenzene (LAB) has been measured with three different experimental approaches. In the first approach, $alpha$-particles were produced in the scintillator via $^{12}$C($n$,$alpha$)$^9$Be reactions. In the second approach, the scintillator was loaded with 2% of $^{mathrm{nat}}$Sm providing an $alpha$-emitter, $^{147}$Sm, as an internal source. In the third approach, a scintillator flask was deployed into the water-filled SNO+ detector and the radioactive contaminants $^{222}$Rn, $^{218}$Po and $^{214}$Po provided the $alpha$-particle signal. The behavior of the observed $alpha$-particle light outputs are in agreement with each case successfully described by Birks law. The resulting Birks parameter $kB$ ranges from $(0.0066pm0.0016)$ cm/MeV to $(0.0076pm0.0003)$ cm/MeV. In the first approach, the $alpha$-particle light response was measured simultaneously with the light response of recoil protons produced via neutron-proton elastic scattering. This enabled a first time a direct comparison of $kB$ describing the proton and the $alpha$-particle response of LAB based scintillator. The observed $kB$ values describing the two light response functions deviate by more than $5sigma$. The presented results are valuable for all current and future detectors, using LAB based scintillator as target, since they depend on an accurate knowledge of the scintillator response to different particles.
Electron antineutrinos are detected in organic liquid scintillator based neutrino experiments by means of the inverse beta decay, producing both a positron and a neutron. The positron may form a bound state together with an electron, called positronium (Ps). The longer-lived spin state of Ps, orthopositronium (o-Ps) has a lifetime of about $3,mathrm{ns}$ in organic liquid scintillators (LS). Its formation changes the time distribution of photon emission, which affects positron reconstruction algorithms and allows the application of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) to distinguish electron from positron events. In this work, we measured the lifetime $tau_2$ of o-Ps in the linear alkylbenzene (LAB) based LS of the JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) experiment including wavelength shifters, obtaining $tau_2 = 2.97,mathrm{ns} pm 0.04,mathrm{ns}$. Due to systematics, which are not yet completely understood, we are not able to give a final result for the o-Ps formation probability $I_2$. We use a novel type of setup, which allows a better background suppression as compared to commonly used PALS (positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy) measurements.
We present a scintillator based detector able to measure both spatial and energy information at High repetition rate (HRR) with a relatively simple design. It has been built at the Center of Pulsed Laser (CLPU) in Salamanca and tested in the proton accelerator at the Centro de Micro-Analisis de Materiales (CMAM) in Madrid. The detector has been demonstrated to work in HRR mode by reproducing the performance of the radiochromic film detector. It represents a new class of on-line detectors for Laser-plasma physics experiments in the new emerging High Power and HRR laser systems.
The liquid scintillator (LS) has been widely utilized in the past, running and future neutrino experiments, and requirement to the LS radio-purity is higher and higher. The water extraction is a powerful method to remove soluble radioactive nuclei, and a mini-extraction station has been constructed. To evaluate the extraction efficiency and optimize the operation parameters, a setup to load radioactivity to LS and a laboratory scale setup to measure radioactivity which use Bi^{212}-Po^{212}-Pb^{208} cascade decay are developed. Experiences from laboratory study will be useful to large scale water extraction plants design and the optimization of working in future.
A new experiment, which is called as NEOS (NEutrino Oscillation at Short baseline), is proposed on the site of Hanbit reactors at Yonggwang, South Korea, to investigate a reactor antineutrino anomaly. A homogeneous NEOS detector having a 1000-L target volume has been constructed and deployed at the tendon gallery ~25 m away from the reactor core. A linear alkylbenzene (LAB) is used as a main base solvent of the NEOS detector. Furthermore, a di-isopropylnaphthalene (DIN) is added to improve the light output and pulse shape discrimination (PSD) ability. The ratio of LAB to DIN is 90:10. PPO (3 g/L) and bis-MSB (30 mg/L) are dissolved to formulate the mixture of LAB- and DIN-based liquid scintillator (LS). Then, ~0.5% gadolinium (Gd) is loaded into the LS by using the solvent-solvent extraction technique. In this paper, we report the characteristics of Gd-loaded LS (GdLS) for the NEOS detector and the handling during mass production.
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