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Register a new userThe laboratory measurement of radioactivity purification for Pb212 in liquid scintillator
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The liquid scintillator (LS) has been widely utilized in the past, running and future neutrino experiments, and requirement to the LS radio-purity is higher and higher. The water extraction is a powerful method to remove soluble radioactive nuclei, and a mini-extraction station has been constructed. To evaluate the extraction efficiency and optimize the operation parameters, a setup to load radioactivity to LS and a laboratory scale setup to measure radioactivity which use Bi^{212}-Po^{212}-Pb^{208} cascade decay are developed. Experiences from laboratory study will be useful to large scale water extraction plants design and the optimization of working in future.
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The removal of Radon induced Lead from liquid scintillator was extensively studied in preparation for KamLANDs low background phase. This work presents the results from laboratory experiments performed at the University of Alabama and their implications for KamLAND and future low background experiments using carbon based liquid scintillator. It was observed that distillation was the most effective purification procedure and that one must consider a non-polar and non-ionic component of Lead in order to reach the levels of radio-purity required for these new class of ultra-low background experiments.
The removal of radioactivity from liquid scintillator has been studied in preparation of a low background phase of KamLAND. This paper describes the methods and techniques developed to measure and efficiently extract radon decay products from liquid scintillator. We report the radio-isotope reduction factors obtained when applying various extraction methods. During this study, distillation was identified as the most efficient method for removing radon daughters from liquid scintillator.
The NOvA collaboration blended and delivered 8.8 kt (2.72M gal) of liquid scintillator as the active detector medium to its near and far detectors. The composition of this scintillator was specifically developed to satisfy NOvAs performance requirements. A rigorous set of quality control procedures was put in place to verify that the incoming components and the blended scintillator met these requirements. The scintillator was blended commercially in Hammond, IN. The scintillator was shipped to the NOvA detectors using dedicated stainless steel tanker trailers cleaned to food grade.
A filter system for removing electronegative impurities from liquid argon is described. The active components of the filter are adsorbing molecular sieve and activated-copper-coated alumina granules. The system is capable of purifying liquid argon to an oxygen-equivalent impurity concentration of better than 30 parts per trillion, corresponding to an electron drift lifetime of at least 10 ms. Reduction reactions that occur at about 250 degrees Celsius allow the filter material to be regenerated in-situ through a simple procedure. In the following work we describe the filter design, performance, and regeneration process.
It is challenging to achieve high precision energy resolution for large liquid scintillator detectors. Energy non-uniformity is one of the main obstacles. To surmount it, a calibration-data driven method was developed previously to reconstruct event energy in the JUNO experiment. In this paper, we investigated the choice of calibration sources thoroughly, optimized the calibration positions and corrected the residual detector azimuthal asymmetry. All these efforts lead to a reduction of the energy non-uniformity near the detector boundary, from about 0.64% to 0.38%. And within the fiducial volume of the detector it is improved from 0.3% to 0.17%. As a result the energy resolution could be further improved.
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