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Register a new userRosetta et apr`es: le futur de lexploration des com`etes
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J. Crovisier
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This article reviews the results obtained by the Rosetta space probe on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and the expectations of future space exploration of comets. -------------- Cet article presente une synth`ese des resultats obtenus par la sonde Rosetta sur la com`ete 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko et envisage le futur de lexploration spatiale des com`etes.
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This survey article is the written version of a talk given at the Bourbaki seminar in April 2021. We give an introduction to Zagiers conjecture on special values of Dedekind zeta functions, and its relation to $K$-theory of fields and the theory of motives. We survey recent progress on the conjecture and in particular the proof of the $n=4$ case of the conjecture by Goncharov and Rudenko.
We describe a conjectural construction (in the spirit of Hilberts 12th problem) of units in abelian extensions of certain base fields which are neither totally real nor CM. These base fields are quadratic extensions with exactly one complex place of a totally real number field F, and are referred to as Almost Totally real (ATR) extensions. Our construction involves certain null-homologous topological cycles on the Hilbert modular variety attached to F. The special units are the images of these cycles under a map defined by integration of weight two Eisenstein series on GL_2(F). This map is formally analogous to the higher Abel-Jacobi maps that arise in the theory of algebraic cycles. We show that our conjecture is compatible with Starks conjecture for ATR extensions; it is, however, a genuine strengthening of Starks conjecture in this context since it gives an analytic formula for the arguments of the Stark units and not just for their absolute values. The last section provides numerical evidences for our conjecture.
The first parts of the thesis recalls the main features of the large MACRO experiment at the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory. It then describes the atmospheric muons measured by the experiment and the selection criteria to obtain and analyze a large sample of cosmic muons. The time series of MACRO muons was analyzed with two complementary approaches: search for the occurrence of bursts of muon events and search for periodicities in the muon time distribution. The Scan Statistics method was used in the first case and the Lomb-Scargle spectral analysis in the second case. The two techniques complete early analyses performed with folding methods. It is confirmed that the seasonal variation is the dominant periodic variation, and one also confirms the solar diurnal and sidereal modulations. A separate study concerns the analysis of the energy losses of the hypothetical Nuclearites in different materials and detectors; their importance for the searches performed by the MACRO and the SLIM experiments is discussed.
With the construction of the VLTI (Very Large Telescope Interferometer of the European Observatory ESO for the southern hemisphere) it is now possible to make observations with resolutions of the order of milli-arc-seconds, especially in IR with AMBER instrument (Astronomical Multi Beam Recombine). These new capabilities allow us to better constrain the stellar structures such as polar jets, equatorial disks and flattened photospheres of rotating stars. Thus the estimation of stellar fundamental parameters allows to explore in detail the mechanisms of mass loss, pulsation and magnetism governing the variability and the evolution of the stars. This thesis presents the results of fast rotating stars observations carried out on the AMBER spectro-interferometer VLTI in its high & medium spectral resolutions modes. The observations were highly degraded by the optical defects of AMBER and their analysis required the development of specific digital reduction tools to reach the necessary precision for the interferometric measurements interpretation. In order to interpret those measures I developed a chromatic semi-analytical model of rapidly rotating star that allowed me to estimate, from the differential phases; the degree of flattening, the equatorial radius, the rotation velocity, the angle of inclination, the position angle of the star rotation axis in the sky, the local distribution of the effective temperature and the surface gravity of the star within the von Zeipel theorem. The results for four massive stars of spectral types B, A and F have allowed me to characterize the mechanisms discussed above and thus open some prospect for more systematic studies of similar objects, with extending later these studies to the relationship photosphere - circumstellar envelope.
This is the memoir of my habilitation thesis, defended on March 29 th, 2013 (Universite Paris XI).
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