The KAM (Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser) theorem guarantees the stability of quasi-periodic invariant tori by perturbation in some Hamiltonian systems. Michel Herman proved a similar result for quasi-periodic motions, with $k$-dimensional involutive manifolds in Hamiltonian systems with $n$ degrees of freedom $n leq k < 2n $. In this paper, we extend this result to the case of a quasi-periodic motion on symplectic tori $k = 2n$.
This article concerns a class of beam equations with damping on rectangular tori. When the generators satisfy certain relationship, by excluding some value of two model parameters, we prove that such models admit small amplitude quasi-periodic travelling wave solutions with two frequencies, which are continuations of two rotating wave solutions with one frequency. This result holds not only for an isotropic torus, but also for an anisotropic torus. The proof is mainly based on a Lyapunov--Schmidt reduction together with the implicit function theorem.
We performed axisymmetric hydrodynamical simulations of oscillating tori orbiting a non-rotating black hole. The tori in equilibrium were constructed with a constant distribution of angular momentum in a pseudo-Newtonian potential (Klu{z}niak-Lee). Motions of the torus were triggered by adding sub-sonic velocity fields: radial, vertical and diagonal to the tori in equilibrium. As the perturbed tori evolved in time, we measured $L_{2}$ norm of density and obtained the power spectrum of $L_{2}$ norm which manifested eigenfrequencies of tori modes. The most prominent modes of oscillation excited in the torus by a quasi-random perturbation are the breathing mode and the radial and vertical epicyclic modes. The radial and the plus modes, as well as the vertical and the breathing modes will have frequencies in an approximate 3:2 ratio if the torus is several Schwarzschild radii away from the innermost stable circular orbit. Results of our simulations may be of interest in the context of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HF QPOs) observed in stellar-mass black hole binaries, as well as in supermassive black holes.
We simulate an oscillating purely hydrodynamical torus with constant specific angular mo- mentum around a Schwarzschild black hole. The goal is to search for quasi-periodic oscil- lations (QPOs) in the light curve of the torus. The initial torus setup is subjected to radial, vertical and diagonal (combination of radial and vertical) velocity perturbations. The hydro- dynamical simulations are performed using the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics code Cosmos++ and ray-traced using the GYOTO code. We found that a horizontal velocity perturbation triggers the radial and plus modes, while a vertical velocity perturbation trig- gers the vertical and X modes. The diagonal perturbation gives a combination of the modes triggered in the radial and vertical perturbations.
We consider the classical problem of the continuation of periodic orbits surviving to the breaking of invariant lower dimensional resonant tori in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. In particular we extend our previous results (presented in CNSNS, 61:198-224, 2018) for full dimensional resonant tori to lower dimensional ones. We develop a constructive normal form scheme that allows to identify and approximate the periodic orbits which continue to exist after the breaking of the resonant torus. A specific feature of our algorithm consists in the possibility of dealing with degenerate periodic orbits. Besides, under suitable hypothesis on the spectrum of the approximate periodic orbit, we obtain information on the linear stability of the periodic orbits feasible of continuation. A pedagogical example involving few degrees of freedom, but connected to the classical topic of discrete solitons in dNLS-lattices, is also provided.
We reconsider the classical problem of the continuation of degenerate periodic orbits in Hamiltonian systems. In particular we focus on periodic orbits that arise from the breaking of a completely resonant maximal torus. We here propose a suitable normal form construction that allows to identify and approximate the periodic orbits which survive to the breaking of the resonant torus. Our algorithm allows to treat the continuation of approximate orbits which are at leading order degenerate, hence not covered by classical averaging methods. We discuss possible future extensions and applications to localized periodic orbits in chains of weakly coupled oscillators.