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Register a new userHadronic effects on the $ccbar{q}bar{q}$ tetraquark state in relativistic heavy ion collisions
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We study the hadronic effects on the $ccbar{q}bar{q}$ tetraquark state by focusing on the $T_{cc}(1^+)$ meson during the hadronic stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions. We evaluate the absorption cross section of the $T_{cc}$ meson by pions in the quasi-free approximation, and investigate the time evolution of the $T_{cc}$ abundance in the hadronic medium based on the effective volume and temperature of the hadronic phase at both RHIC and LHC modelled by hydrodynamic calculations with the lattice equation of state. We probe two possible scenarios for the structure of $T_{cc}$, where it is assumed to be either a compact multiquark state or a larger sized molecular configuration composed of DD*. Our numerical results suggest that the hadronic effects on the $T_{cc}$ production is insignificant, and its final abundance depends on the initial yield of $T_{cc}$ produced from the quark-gluon plasma phase, which will depend on the assumed structure of the state.
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We propose to describe the heavy and exotic tetraquark state as a holographic molecule by binding the lightest heavy-light meson $(0^-, 1^-)$ multiplet to a flavored sphaleron in the bulk of the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. The strongly bound tetraquark state emerges as an Efimov state with a binding energy that is comparable to that reported in recent lattice simulations and standard quark model estimates for bottom. Our construction finds charm and mixed charm-bottom tetraquark states to be also bound. The unique feature of these states stems from the fact that they are perhaps the first manifestation of the Efimov bound state mechanism in the hadronic world.
Transport and Langevin equations are employed to study hadronic medium effects on charmonium elliptic flows in heavy-ion collisions. In Pb-Pb collisions, the anisotropic energy density of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in the transverse plane is transformed into hadron momentum anisotropy after the phase transition. Charmonia with high transverse momentum $p_T$ are produced via the primordial hard process and undergo different degrees of dissociation along different paths in the QGP. They then scatter with light hadrons in the hadron phase. Both contributions to the charmonium elliptic flows are studied at moderate and high transverse momenta. The elliptic flows of the prompt $J/psi$ are found to be considerably enhanced at high transverse momentum when the charmonium diffusion coefficients in the hadronic medium are parametrized through the geometry scale approximation. This hadronic medium effect is negligible for quarkonia with larger mass such as bottomonia.
In the framework of the color-magnetic interaction, we systematically investigate the mass spectrum of the tetraquark states composed of four heavy quarks with the $QQbar Qbar Q$ configuration in this work. We also show their strong decay patterns. Stable or narrow states in the $bbbar{b}bar{c}$ and $bcbar{b}bar{c}$ systems are found to be possible. We hope the studies shall be helpful to the experimental search for heavy-full exotic tetraquark states.
We show that the phenomenology of isospin effects on heavy ion reactions at intermediate energies (few AGeV range) is extremely rich and can allow a ``direct study of the covariant structure of the isovector interaction in a high density hadron medium. We work within a relativistic transport frame, beyond a cascade picture, consistently derived from effective Lagrangians, where isospin effects are accounted for in the mean field and collision terms. We show that rather sensitive observables are provided by the pion/kaon production (pi^-/pi^+, K^0/K^+ yields). Relevant non-equilibrium effects are stressed. The possibility of the transition to a mixed hadron-quark phase, at high baryon and isospin density, is finally suggested. Some signatures could come from an expected ``neutron trapping effect.
We investigate the production of exotic tetraquarks, $QQbar{q}bar{q} equiv T_{QQ}$ ($Q=c$ or $b$ and $q=u$ or $d$), in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using the quark coalescence model. The $T_{QQ}$ yield is given by the overlap of the density matrix of the constituents in the emission source with the Wigner function of the produced tetraquark. The tetraquark wave function is obtained from exact solutions of the four-body problem using realistic constituent models. The production yields are typically one order of magnitude smaller than previous estimations based on simplified wave functions for the tetraquarks. We also evaluate the consequences of the partial restoration of chiral symmetry at the hadronization temperature on the coalescence probability. Such effects, in addition to increasing the stability of the tetraquarks, lead to an enhancement of the production yields, pointing towards an excellent discovery potential in forthcoming experiments. We discuss further consequences of our findings for the search of exotic tetraquarks in central Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC.
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