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We construct the general solution of a class of Fuchsian systems of rank $N$ as well as the associated isomonodromic tau functions in terms of semi-degenerate conformal blocks of $W_N$-algebra with central charge $c=N-1$. The simplest example is given by the tau function of the Fuji-Suzuki-Tsuda system, expressed as a Fourier transform of the 4-point conformal block with respect to intermediate weight. Along the way, we generalize the result of Bowcock and Watts on the minimal set of matrix elements of vertex operators of the $W_N$-algebra for generic central charge and prove several properties of semi-degenerate vertex operators and conformal blocks for $c=N-1$.
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In this paper, we show that it is always possible to deform a differential equation $partial_x Psi(x) = L(x) Psi(x)$ with $L(x) in mathfrak{sl}_2(mathbb{C})(x)$ by introducing a small formal parameter $hbar$ in such a way that it satisfies the Topological Type properties of Berg`ere, Borot and Eynard. This is obtained by including the former differential equation in an isomonodromic system and using some homogeneity conditions to introduce $hbar$. The topological recursion is then proved to provide a formal series expansion of the corresponding tau-function whose coefficients can thus be expressed in terms of intersections of tautological classes in the Deligne-Mumford compactification of the moduli space of surfaces. We present a few examples including any Fuchsian system of $mathfrak{sl}_2(mathbb{C})(x)$ as well as some elements of Painleve hierarchies.
In contrast to Hamiltonian perturbation theory which changes the time evolution, spacelike deformations proceed by changing the translations (momentum operators). The free Maxwell theory is only the first member of an infinite family of spacelike deformations of the complex massless Klein-Gordon quantum field into fields of higher helicity. A similar but simpler instance of spacelike deformation allows to increase the mass of scalar fields.
We derive Fredholm determinant representation for isomonodromic tau functions of Fuchsian systems with $n$ regular singular points on the Riemann sphere and generic monodromy in $mathrm{GL}(N,mathbb C)$. The corresponding operator acts in the direct sum of $N(n-3)$ copies of $L^2(S^1)$. Its kernel has a block integrable form and is expressed in terms of fundamental solutions of $n-2$ elementary 3-point Fuchsian systems whose monodromy is determined by monodromy of the relevant $n$-point system via a decomposition of the punctured sphere into pairs of pants. For $N=2$ these building blocks have hypergeometric representations, the kernel becomes completely explicit and has Cauchy type. In this case Fredholm determinant expansion yields multivariate series representation for the tau function of the Garnier system, obtained earlier via its identification with Fourier transform of Liouville conformal block (or a dual Nekrasov-Okounkov partition function). Further specialization to $n=4$ gives a series representation of the general solution to Painleve VI equation.
The $N$-dimensional Smorodinsky-Winternitz system is a maximally superintegrable and exactly solvable model, being subject of study from different approaches. The model has been demonstrated to be multiseparable with wavefunctions given by Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials. In this paper we present the complete symmetry algebra ${cal SW}(N)$ of the system, which it is a higher-rank quadratic one containing the recently discovered Racah algebra ${cal R}(N)$ as subalgebra. The substructures of distinct quadratic ${cal Q}(3)$ algebras and their related Casimirs are also studied. In this way, from the constraints on the oscillator realizations of these substructures, the energy spectrum of the $N$-dimensional Smorodinsky-Winternitz system is obtained. We show that ${cal SW}(N)$ allows different set of substructures based on the Racah algebra ${cal R}({ N})$ which can be applied independently to algebraically derive the spectrum of the system.
The deformed $mathcal W$ algebras of type $textsf{A}$ have a uniform description in terms of the quantum toroidal $mathfrak{gl}_1$ algebra $mathcal E$. We introduce a comodule algebra $mathcal K$ over $mathcal E$ which gives a uniform construction of basic deformed $mathcal W$ currents and screening operators in types $textsf{B},textsf{C},textsf{D}$ including twisted and supersymmetric cases. We show that a completion of algebra $mathcal K$ contains three commutative subalgebras. In particular, it allows us to obtain a commutative family of integrals of motion associated with affine Dynkin diagrams of all non-exceptional types except $textsf{D}^{(2)}_{ell+1}$. We also obtain in a uniform way deformed finite and affine Cartan matrices in all classical types together with a number of new examples, and discuss the corresponding screening operators.
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