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Register a new userKondo hybridization and quantum criticality in $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ by laser-ARPES
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We report an angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) study of $beta$-YbAlB$_4$, which is known to harbor unconventional quantum criticality (QC) without any tuning. We directly observe a quasiparticle peak (QP), emerging from hybridization, characterized by a binding energy and an onset of coherence both at about 4 meV. This value conforms with a previously observed reduced Kondo scale at about 40 K. Consistency with an earlier study of carriers in $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ via the Hall effect strongly suggests that this QP is responsible for the QC in $beta$-YbAlB$_4$. A comparison with the sister polymorph $alpha$-YbAlB$_4$, which is not quantum critical at ambient pressure, further supports this result. Indeed, within the limitation of our instrumental resolution, our ARPES measurements do not show tangible sign of hybridization in this locally isomorphic system, while the conduction band we observe is essentially the same as in $beta$-YbAlB$_4$. We therefore claim that we identified by ARPES the carriers responsible for the QC in $beta$-YbAlB$_4$. The observed dispersion and the underlying hybridization of this QP are discussed in the context of existing theoretical models.
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Density functional theory methods are applied to investigate the properties of the new superconductor $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ and its polymorph $alpha$-YbAlB$_4$. We utilize the generalized gradient approximation + Hubbard U (GGA+U) approach with spin-orbit(SO) coupling to approximate the effects of the strong correlations due to the open $4f$ shell of Yb. We examine closely the differences in crystal bonding and symmetry of $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ and $alpha$-YbAlB$_4$. The in-plane bonding structure amongst the dominant itinerant electrons in the boron sheets is shown to differ significantly. Our calculations indicate that, in both polymorphs, the localized 4$f$ electrons hybridize strongly with the conduction sea when compared to the related materials YbRh$_{2}$Si$_{2}$ and YbB$_{2}$. Comparing $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ to the electronic structure of related crystal structures indicates a key role of the 7-member boron coordination of the Yb ion in $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ in producing its enhanced Kondo scale and superconductivity. The Kondo scale is shown to depend strongly on the angle between the B neighbors and the Yb ion, relative to the $x-y$ plane, which relates some of the physical behavior to structural characteristics.
We analyze the key origin of quantum valence criticality in the heavy electron metal $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ evidenced in the sister compound $alpha$-YbAl$_{0.986}$Fe$_{0.014}$B$_4$. By constructing a realistic canonical model for $beta$-YbAlB$_4$, we evaluate Coulomb repulsion between the 4f and 5d electrons at Yb $U_{rm fd}approx 6.2$ eV realizing the quantum critical point (QCP) of the Yb-valence transition. To reveal the Yb 5d contribution to the quantum critical state, we propose ultrasound measurement. We find that softening of elastic constants of not only the bulk modulus but also the shear moduli is caused by electric quadrupole fluctuations enhanced by critical 4f and 5d charge fluctuations for low temperatures at the valence QCP. Possible relevance of these results to $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ and also $alpha$-YbAl$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$B$_4$ is discussed.
$beta$-YbAlB$_4$ is the first Yb-based heavy fermion superconductor with $T_{rm c} = 80$ mK. We measured low temperature magnetization of high-purity single crystals down to $T=$ 25 mK. The measurements have revealed a considerable amount of volume fractions of the superconductivity and the upper critical field $B_{c2}$ curve under field along the c axis, consistent with the previous results. In the normal state, the previously observed divergent behavior in the temperature dependence of the magnetization has been confirmed using higher quality samples and under a low field of 22 mT. In addition, the measurements have revealed a power law behavior, namely, $dM/dTpropto T^{3/2}$, which has a slightly higher exponent than the previous results.
We have probed the crystalline electric-field ground states of pure $|J = 7/2, J_z = pm 5/2rangle$ as well as the anisotropic $c$-$f$ hybridization in both valence fluctuating systems $alpha$- and $beta$-YbAlB$_4$ by linear polarization dependence of angle-resolved core level photoemission spectroscopy. Interestingly, the small but distinct difference between abyb was found in the polar angle dependence of linear dichroism, indicating the difference in the anisotropy of $c$-$f$ hybridization which may be essential to a heavy Fermi liquid state in $alpha$-YbAlB$_4$ and a quantum critical state in $beta$-YbAlB$_4$.
We utilized high-resolution resonant angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the band structure and hybridization effect of the heavy-fermion compound Ce2IrIn8. We observe a nearly flat band at the binding energy of 7 meV below the coherent temperature Tcoh ~ 40 K, which characterizes the electrical resistance maximum indicating the onset temperature of hybridization. However, the Fermi vector kF and the Fermi surface (FS) volume have little change around Tcoh, challenging the widely believed evolution from a high-temperature small FS to a low-temperature large FS. Our experimental results of the band structure fit well with the density functional theory plus dynamic mean-field theory (DFT+DMFT) calculations.
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