No Arabic abstract
The modification of hard jets in an extended static medium held at a fixed temperature is studied using three different Monte-Carlo event generators (LBT, MATTER, MARTINI). Each event generator contains a different set of assumptions regarding the energy and virtuality of the partons within a jet versus the energy scale of the medium, and hence, applies to a different epoch in the space-time history of the jet evolution. For the first time, modeling is developed where a jet may sequentially transition from one generator to the next, on a parton-by-parton level, providing a detailed simulation of the space-time evolution of medium modified jets over a much broader dynamic range than has been attempted previously in a single calculation. Comparisons are carried out for different observables sensitive to jet quenching, including the parton fragmentation function and the azimuthal distribution of jet energy around the jet axis. The effect of varying the boundary between different generators is studied and a theoretically motivated criterion for the location of this boundary is proposed. The importance of such an approach with coupled generators to the modeling of jet quenching is discussed.
We present a jet quenching model within a unified multi-stage framework and demonstrate for the first time a simultaneous description of leading hadrons, inclusive jets, and elliptic flow observables which spans multiple centralities and collision energies. This highlights one of the major successes of the JETSCAPE framework in providing a tool for setting up an effective parton evolution that includes a high-virtuality radiation dominated energy loss phase (MATTER), followed by a low-virtuality scattering dominated (LBT) energy loss phase. Measurements of jet and charged-hadron $R_{AA}$ set strong constraints on the jet quenching model. Jet-medium response is also included through a weakly-coupled transport description.
The modification of jet substructure in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is studied using JETSCAPE, a publicly available software package containing a framework for Monte Carlo event generators. Multi-stage jet evolution in JETSCAPE provides an integrated description of jet quenching by combining multiple models, with each becoming active at a different stage of the parton shower evolution. Jet substructure modification due to different aspects of jet quenching is studied using jet shape and jet fragmentation observables. Various combinations of jet energy loss models are exploed, with medium background provided by (2 + 1)-D VISHNU with TRENTo+freestreaming initial conditions. Results reported here are from simulations performed within JETSCAPE framework.
We have evolved 10,000 solar models using 21 input parameters that are randomly drawn for each model from separate probability distributions for every parameter. We use the results of these models to determine the theoretical uncertainties in the predicted surface helium abundance, the profile of the sound speed versus radius, the profile of the density versus radius, the depth of the solar convective zone, the eight principal solar neutrino fluxes, and the fractions of nuclear reactions that occur in the CNO cycle or in the three branches of the p-p chains. We also determine the correlation coefficients of the neutrino fluxes for use in analysis of solar neutrino oscillations. Our calculations include the most accurate available input parameters, including radiative opacity, equation of state, and nuclear cross sections. We incorporate both the recently determined heavy element abundances recommended by Asplund, Grevesse & Sauval (2005) and the older (higher) heavy element abundances recommended by Grevesse & Sauval (1998). We present best-estimates of many characteristics of the standard solar model for both sets of recommended heavy element compositions.
The third phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) experiment added an array of 3He proportional counters to the detector. The purpose of this Neutral Current Detection (NCD) array was to observe neutrons resulting from neutral-current solar neutrino-deuteron interactions. We have developed a detailed simulation of the current pulses from the NCD array proportional counters, from the primary neutron capture on 3He through the NCD array signal-processing electronics. This NCD array Monte Carlo simulation was used to model the alpha-decay background in SNOs third-phase 8B solar-neutrino measurement.
The charge form factor and weak decay constant of the pion as well as the pion-quark coupling constant in symmetric nuclear matter are explored in the framework of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, where the pion is described as a bound state of dressed quark-antiquark pair obtained by the Bethe-Salpeter equation. For the in-medium current quark properties, we adopt the quark-meson coupling model, which describes successfully many hadron properties in a nuclear medium. The pion decay constant and the pion-quark coupling constant are found to decrease with increasing density as well as the magnitude of the light quark condensate. But the pion mass is found to be insensitive to density up to $1.25$ times the normal nuclear density. The pion charge form factor in the space-like region is also explored and is found to have a similar $Q^2$ dependence as the form factor in vacuum showing $1/Q^2$-behavior in large $Q^2$ region, where $Q^2$ is the negative of the four-momentum transfer squared. The modifications of the charge radius of the charged pion in nuclear matter are then estimated and the root-mean-square radius at the normal nuclear density is predicted to be larger than that in vacuum by about 20%.