No Arabic abstract
Charge transport at the Dirac point in bilayer graphene exhibits two dramatically different transport states, insulating and metallic, that occur in apparently otherwise indistinguishable experimental samples. We demonstrate that the existence of these two transport states has its origin in an interplay between evanescent modes, that dominate charge transport near the Dirac point, and disordered configurations of extended defects in the form of partial dislocations. In a large ensemble of bilayer systems with randomly positioned partial dislocations, the conductivity distribution $P(sigma)$ is found to be strongly peaked at both the insulating and metallic limits. We argue that this distribution form, that occurs only at the Dirac point, lies at the heart of the observation of both metallic and insulating states in bilayer graphene.
While crystalline two-dimensional materials have become an experimental reality during the past few years, an amorphous 2-D material has not been reported before. Here, using electron irradiation we create an sp2-hybridized one-atom-thick flat carbon membrane with a random arrangement of polygons, including four-membered carbon rings. We show how the transformation occurs step-by-step by nucleation and growth of low-energy multi-vacancy structures constructed of rotated hexagons and other polygons. Our observations, along with first-principles calculations, provide new insights to the bonding behavior of carbon and dynamics of defects in graphene. The created domains possess a band gap, which may open new possibilities for engineering graphene-based electronic devices.
Twisted bilayer graphene is a chiral system which has been recently shown to present circular dichroism. In this work we show that the origin of this optical activity is the rotation of the Dirac fermions helicities in the top and bottom layer. Starting from the Kubo formula, we obtain a compact expression for the Hall conductivity that takes into account the dephasing of the electromagnetic field between the top and bottom layers and gathers all the symmetries of the system. Our results are based in both a continuum and a tight-binding model, and they can be generalized to any two-dimensional Dirac material with a chiral stacking between layers.
We study the carrier dynamics in epitaxially grown graphene in the range of photon energies from 10 - 250 meV. The experiments complemented by microscopic modeling reveal that the carrier relaxation is significantly slowed down as the photon energy is tuned to values below the optical phonon frequency, however, owing to the presence of hot carriers, optical phonon emission is still the predominant relaxation process. For photon energies about twice the value of the Fermi energy, a transition from pump-induced transmission to pump-induced absorption occurs due to the interplay of interband and intraband processes.
The formation energy and local magnetic moment of a series of point defects in CaB$_6 $ are computed using a supercell approach within the generalized gradient approximation to density functional theory. Based on these results, speculations are made as to the influence of these defects on electrical transport. It is found that the substitution of Ca by La does not lead to the formation of a local moment, while a neutral B$_6 $ vacancy carries a moment of 2.4 Bohr magnetons, mostly distributed over the six nearest-neighbour B atoms. A plausible mechanism for the ferromagnetic ordering of these moments is suggested. Since the same broken B-B bonds appear on the preferred (100) cleavage planes of the CaB$_6$ structure, it is argued that internal surfaces in polycrystals as well as external surfaces in general will make a large contribution to the observed magnetization.
We report a thermoelectric study of graphene in both zero and applied magnetic fields. As a direct consequence of the linear dispersion of massless particles, we find that the Seebeck coefficient Sxx diverges with 1 /, where n2D is the carrier density. We observe a very large Nernst signal Sxy (~ 50 uV/K at 8 T) at the Dirac point, and an oscillatory dependence of both Sxx and Sxy on n2D at low temperatures. Our results underscore the anomalous thermoelectric transport in graphene, which may be used as a highly sensitive probe for impurity bands near the Dirac point.