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Register a new userAsteroseismology of ZZ Ceti stars with fully evolutionary white dwarf models: I. The impact of the uncertainties from prior evolution on the period spectrum
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Francisco Cesar De Geronimo Mr
Publication date
2016
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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ZZ Ceti stars are pulsating white dwarfs with a carbon-oxygen core build up during the core helium burning and thermally pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch phases. Through the interpretation of their pulsation periods by means of asteroseismology, details about their origin and evolution can be inferred. The whole pulsation spectrum exhibited by ZZ Ceti stars strongly depends on the inner chemical structure. At present, there are several processes affecting the chemical profiles that are still not accurately determined. We present a study of the impact of the current uncertainties of the white dwarf formation and evolution on the expected pulsation properties of ZZ Ceti stars. Our analysis is based on a set of carbon-oxygen core white dwarf models with masses $0.548$ and $0.837 M_{sun}$ derived from full evolutionary computations from the ZAMS to the ZZ Ceti domain. We have considered models in which we varied the number of thermal pulses, the amount of overshooting, and the $^{12}$C$(alpha,gamma)^{16}$O reaction rate within their uncertainties. We explore the impact of these major uncertainties in prior evolution on the chemical structure and the expected pulsation spectrum. We find that these uncertainties yield significant changes in the $g$-mode pulsation periods. We conclude that the uncertainties in the white dwarf progenitor evolution should be be taken into account in detailed asterseismological analysis of these pulsating stars.
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The thermally pulsing phase on the asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) is the last nuclear burning phase experienced by most of low and intermediate mass stars. During this phase, the outer chemical stratification above the C/O core of the emerging white dwarf is built up. The chemical structure resulting from progenitor evolution strongly impacts the whole pulsation spectrum exhibited by ZZ Ceti stars, which are pulsating C/O core white dwarfs located on an narrow instability strip at T eff sim 12000 K. Several physical processes occurring during progenitor evolution strongly affect the chemical structure of these stars, being those found during the TP-AGB phase ones of the most relevant for the pulsational properties of ZZ Ceti stars. We present a study of the impact of the chemical structure built up during the TP-AGB evolution on the stellar parameters inferred from asteroseismological fits of ZZ Ceti stars. Our analysis is based on a set of carbon-oxygen core white dwarf models with masses from 0.534 to 0.6463M_{odot} derived from full evolutionary computations from the ZAMS to the ZZ Ceti domain. We compute evolutionary sequences that experience different number of thermal pulses. We find that the occurrence or not of thermal pulses during AGB evolution implies an average deviation in the astero- seimological effective temperature of ZZ Ceti stars of at most 8% and of the order of < 5% in the stellar mass. For the mass of the hydrogen envelope, however, we find deviations up to 2 orders of magnitude in the case of cool ZZ Ceti stars. For hot and intermediate temperature ZZ Ceti stars shows no differences in the hydrogen envelope mass in most cases. Our results show that, in general, the impact of the occurrence or not of thermal pulses in the progenitor stars is not negligible and must be taken into account in asteroseismological studies of ZZ Ceti stars.
We present an asteroseismological analysis of four ZZ Ceti stars observed with emph{Kepler}: GD 1212, SDSS J113655.17+040952.6, KIC 11911480 and KIC 4552982, based on a grid of full evolutionary models of DA white dwarf stars. We employ a grid of carbon-oxygen core white dwarfs models, characterized by a detailed and consistent chemical inner profile for the core and the envelope. In addition to the observed periods, we take into account other information from the observational data, as amplitudes, rotational splittings and period spacing, as well as photometry and spectroscopy. For each star, we present an asteroseismological model that closely reproduce their observed properties. The asteroseismological stellar mass and effective temperature of the target stars are (0.632 +/- 0.027 Msun, 10737 +/- 73 K) for GD 1212, (0.745 +/- 0.007 Msun, 11110 +/- 69 K) for KIC 4552982, (0.5480 +/- 0.01 Msun, 12721 +/- 228 K) for KIC1191480 and (0.570 +/- 0.01 Msun, 12060 +/- 300 K) for SDSS J113655.17+040952.6. In general, the asteroseismological values are in good agreement with the spectroscopy. For KIC 11911480 and SDSS J113655.17+040952.6 we derive a similar seismological mass, but the hydrogen envelope is an order of magnitude thinner for SDSS J113655.17+040952.6, that is part of a binary system and went through a common envelope phase.
An increasing number of white dwarf stars show atmospheric chemical composition polluted by heavy elements accreted from debris disk material. The existence of such debris disks strongly suggests the presence of one or more planet(s) whose gravitational interaction with rocky planetesimals is responsible for their disruption by tidal effect. The ZZ Ceti pulsator and polluted DAZ white dwarf GD 133 is a good candidate for searching for such a potential planet. We started in 2011 a photometric follow-up of its pulsations. As a result of this work in progress, we used the data gathered from 2011 to 2015 to make an asteroseismological analysis of GD 133, providing the star parameters from a best fit model with $M$/$M_{odot}$ = 0.630 $pm$ 0.002, $T_{rm eff}$ = 12400 K $pm$ 70 K, log($M_{rm He}/M$) = -2.00 $pm$ 0.02, log($M_{rm H}/M$) = -4.50 $pm$ 0.02 and determining a rotation period of $approx$ 7 days.
The pulsating DA white dwarfs (ZZ Ceti stars) are $g$-mode non-radial pulsators. Asteroseismology provides strong constraints on their global parameters and internal structure. Since all the DA white dwarfs falling in the ZZ Ceti instability strip do pulsate, the internal structure derived from asteroseismology brings knowledge for the DA white dwarfs as a whole group. HS 0507+0434B is one of the ZZ Ceti stars which lies approximately in the middle of the instability strip for which we have undertaken a detailed asteroseismological study. We carried out multisite observation campaigns in 2007 and from December 2009 to January 2010. In total, 206 hours of photometric time-series have been collected. They have been analysed by means of Fourier analysis and simultaneous multi-frequency sine-wave fitting. In total, 39 frequency values are resolved including 6 triplets and a number of linear combinations. We identify the triplets as $ell$=1 $g$-modes split by rotation. We derived the period spacing, the rotational splitting and the rotation rate. From the comparison of the observed periods with the theoretical periods of a series of models we estimate the fundamental parameters of the star: its total mass M$_{*}$/M$_{odot}$ = 0.675, its luminosity L/L$_{odot}$=3.5$times 10^{-3}$, and its hydrogen mass fraction M$_{H}$/M$_{*}$= 10$^{-8.5}$.
Asteroseismology is a unique tool to explore the internal structure of stars through both observational and theoretical research. The internal structure of pulsating hydrogen shell white dwarfs (ZZ Ceti stars) detected by asteroseismology is regarded as the representative of all DA white dwarfs. Observations for KUV~08368+4026, which locates in the middle of the ZZ Ceti instability strip, have been carried out in 1999 and from 2009 to 2012 with either single-site runs or multisite campaigns. Time-series photometric data of about 300 hours were collected in total. Through data reduction and analysis, 30 frequencies were extracted, including four triplets, two doublets, one single mode and further signals. The independent modes are identified as either l=1 or l=2 modes. Hence, a rotation period of $5.52pm 0.22$ days was deduced from the period spacing in the multiplets. Theoretical static models were built and a best fit model for KUV~08368+4026 was obtained with $0.692pm0.002$ solar mass, $(2.92pm0.02)times 10^{-3}$ solar luminosity and the hydrogen mass fraction of $10^{-4}$ stellar mass.
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