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Register a new userCharmonium physics with heavy ions: experimental results
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E. Scomparin
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Thirty years ago, the suppression of charmonium production in heavy-ion collisions was first proposed as an unambiguous signature for the formation of a Quark-Gluon Plasma. Since then, experiments at fixed-target accelerators (SPS) and hadronic colliders (RHIC, LHC) have investigated this observable and discovered a wide range of effects, that have been related to the original proposal but at the same time have also prompted a strong development in the underlying theory concepts. In this contribution, I will review the main achievements of this field, with emphasis on recent results obtained by LHC experiments.
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The field of relativistic heavy-ion physics is reviewed with emphasis on new results and highlights from the first run of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at BNL and the 15 year research programme at the SPS at CERN and the AGS at BNL.
Knowledge on nuclear cluster physics has increased considerably since the pioneering discovery of 12C+12C resonances half a century ago and nuclear clustering remains one of the most fruitful domains of nuclear physics, facing some of the greatest challenges and opportunities in the years ahead. The occurrence of exotic shapes and/or Bose-Einstein alpha condensates in light N-Z alpha-conjugate nuclei is investigated. Evolution of clustering from stability to the drip-lines examined with clustering aspects persisting in light neutron-rich nuclei is consistent with the extension of the Ikeda-diagram to non alpha-conjugate nuclei.
We present a subset of experimental results on charge fluctuation from the heavy-ion collisions to search for phase transition and location of critical point in the QCD phase diagram. Measurements from the heavy-ion experiments at the SPS and RHIC energies observe that total charge fluctuations increase from central to peripheral collisions. The net-charge fluctuations in terms of dynamical fluctuation measure $ u_{(+-,dyn)}$ are studied as a function of collision energy (sqsn) and centrality of the collisions. The product of $ u_{(+-,dyn)}$ and $langle N_{ch} rangle$ shows a monotonic decrease with collision energies, which indicates that at LHC energy the fluctuations have their origin in the QGP phase. The fluctuations in terms of higher moments of net-proton, net-electric charge and net-kaon have been measured for various sqsn. Deviations are observed in both $Ssigma$ and $kappasigma^2$ for net-proton multiplicity distributions from the Skellam and hadron resonance gas model for sqsn $<$ 39 GeV. Higher moment results of the net-electric charge and net-kaon do not observe any significant non-monotonic behavior as a function of collision energy. We also discuss the extraction of the freeze-out parameters using particle ratios and experimentally measured higher moments of net-charge fluctuations. The extracted freeze-out parameters from experimentally measured moments and lattice calculations, are found to be in agreement with the results obtained from the fit of particle ratios to the thermal model calculations.
The current state of research on high-energy heavy ion physics, including its motivations and purpose is reviewed from a theorists perspective. Possible future directions are discussed, in particular the possibility of investigating the regime of small transverse momenta in more detail and an improved interplay between experiments and dedicated theory development.
Soon after the LHC is commissioned with proton beams the ATLAS experiment will begin studies of Pb-Pb collisions with a center of mass energy of ?sNN = 5.5 TeV. The ATLAS program is a natural extension of measurements at RHIC in a direction that exploits the higher LHC energies and the superb ATLAS calorimeter and tracking coverage. At LHC energies, collisions will be produced with even higher energy density than observed at RHIC. The properties of the resulting hot medium can be studied with higher energy probes, which are more directly interpreted through modification of jet properties emerging from these collisions, for example. Other topics which are enabled by the 30-fold increase in center of mass energy include probing the partonic structure of nuclei with hard photoproduction (in UltraPeripheral collisions) and in p-Pb collisions. Here we report on evaluation of ATLAS capabilities for Heavy Ion Physics.
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