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Register a new userOpenTED Browser: Insights into European Public Spendings
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Added by
Yann-A\\\"el Le Borgne
Publication date
2016
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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We present the OpenTED browser, a Web application allowing to interactively browse public spending data related to public procurements in the European Union. The application relies on Open Data recently published by the European Commission and the Publications Office of the European Union, from which we imported a curated dataset of 4.2 million contract award notices spanning the period 2006-2015. The application is designed to easily filter notices and visualise relationships between public contracting authorities and private contractors. The simple design allows for example to quickly find information about who the biggest suppliers of local governments are, and the nature of the contracted goods and services. We believe the tool, which we make Open Source, is a valuable source of information for journalists, NGOs, analysts and citizens for getting information on public procurement data, from large scale trends to local municipal developments.
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Objective: Ubiquitous internet access is reshaping the way we live, but it is accompanied by unprecedented challenges in preventing chronic diseases that are usually planted by long exposure to unhealthy lifestyles. This paper proposes leveraging online shopping behaviors as a proxy for personal lifestyle choices to improve chronic disease prevention literacy, targeted for times when e-commerce user experience has been assimilated into most peoples everyday lives. Methods: Longitudinal query logs and purchase records from 15 million online shoppers were accessed, constructing a broad spectrum of lifestyle features covering assorted product categories and buyer personas. Using the lifestyle-related information preceding their first purchases of specific prescription drugs, we could determine associations between online shoppers past lifestyle choices and whether they suffered from a particular chronic disease or not. Results: Novel lifestyle risk factors were discovered in two exemplars -- depression and diabetes, most of which showed cognitive congruence with existing healthcare knowledge. Further, such empirical findings could be adopted to locate online shoppers at high risk of these chronic diseases with decent accuracy (i.e., [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve] AUC=0.68 for depression and AUC=0.70 for diabetes), closely matching the performance of screening surveys benchmarked against medical diagnosis. Conclusions: Mining online shopping behaviors can point medical experts to a series of lifestyle issues associated with chronic diseases that are less explored to date. Hopefully, unobtrusive chronic disease surveillance via e-commerce sites can grant consenting individuals a privilege to be connected more readily with the medical profession and sophistication.
In 2019, the European Union introduced two new actors in the European energy system: Renewable and Citizen Energy Communities (RECs and CECs). Modelling these two new actors and their effects on the energy system is crucial when implementing the European Legislation, incorporating energy communities (ECs) into the electric grid, planning ECs, and conducting academic research. This paper aims to bridge the gap between the letter of the law and numerical models of ECs. After introducing RECs and CECs, we list elements of the law to be considered by regulators, distribution system operators, EC planners, researchers, and other stakeholders when modelling ECs. Finally, we provide three case studies of EC models that explicitly include elements of the European Law.
In this paper, we explore existing synergies between private and public transportation as provided by taxi and bus services on the level of individual trips. While these modes are typically separated for economic reasons, in a future with shared Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) providing cheap and efficient transportation services, such distinctions will blur. Consequently, optimization based on real-time data will allow exploiting parallels in demand in a dynamic way, such as the proposed approach of the current work. New operational and pricing strategies will then evolve, providing service in a more efficient way and utilizing a dynamic landscape of urban transportation. In the current work, we evaluate existing parallels between individual bus and taxi trips in two Asian cities and show how exploiting these synergies could lead to an increase in transportation service quality.
Typical experimental measurement is set up as a study of the systems response to a stationary external excitation. This approach considers any random fluctuation of the signal as spurious contribution which is to be eliminated via time-averaging or, equivalently, bandwidth reduction. Beyond that lies a conceptually different paradigm -- the measurement of the systems spontaneous fluctuations. The goal of this overview article is to demonstrate how current noise measurements bring insight into hidden features of electronic transport in various mesoscopic conductors, ranging from 2D topological insulators to individual carbon nanotubes.
We survey our understanding of classical novae: non-terminal, thermonuclear eruptions on the surfaces of white dwarfs in binary systems. The recent and unexpected discovery of GeV gamma-rays from Galactic novae has highlighted the complexity of novae and their value as laboratories for studying shocks and particle acceleration. We review half a century of nova literature through this new lens, and conclude: --The basics of the thermonuclear runaway theory of novae are confirmed by observations. The white dwarf sustains surface nuclear burning for some time after runaway, and until recently, it was commonly believed that radiation from this nuclear burning solely determines the novas bolometric luminosity. --The processes by which novae eject material from the binary system remain poorly understood. Mass loss from novae is complex (sometimes fluctuating in rate, velocity, and morphology) and often prolonged in time over weeks, months, or years. --The complexity of the mass ejection leads to gamma-ray producing shocks internal to the nova ejecta. When gamma-rays are detected (around optical maximum), the shocks are deeply embedded and the surrounding gas is very dense. --Observations of correlated optical and gamma-ray light curves confirm that the shocks are radiative and contribute significantly to the bolometric luminosity of novae. Novae are therefore the closest and most common interaction-powered transients.
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