No Arabic abstract
We present a detailed study of the static spherically symmetric solutions in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) theory. Since the diffeomorphism invariance can be restored by introducing the St{u}ckelberg fields $phi^a$, there is new invariant $I^{ab}=g^{mu u}partial_{mu}phi^apartial_ uphi^b$ in the massive gravity, which adds to the ones usually encountered in general relativity (GR). In the unitary gauge $phi^a=x^mudelta_mu^a$, any inverse metric $g^{mu u}$ that has divergence including the coordinate singularity in GR would exhibit a singularity in the invariant $I^{ab}$. Therefore, there is no conventional Schwarzschild metric if we choose unitary gauge. In this paper, we obtain a self-consistent static spherically symmetric ansatz in the nonunitary gauge. Under this ansatz, we find that there are seven solutions including the Schwarzschild solution, Reissner-Nordstr{o}m solution and five other solutions. These solutions may possess an event horizon depending upon the physical parameters (Schwarzschild radius $r_s$, scalar charge $S$ and/or electric charge $Q$). If these solutions possess an event horizon, we show that the singularity of $I^{ab}$ is absent at the horizon. Therefore, these solutions may become candidates for black holes in dRGT.
We present a detailed study of the Vaidya solution and its generalization in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) theory. Since the diffeomorphism invariance can be restored with the St{u}ckelberg fields $phi^a$ introduced, there is a new invariant $I^{ab}=g^{mu u}partial_mu phi^apartial_ u phi^b$ in the massive gravity, which adds to the ones usually encountered in general relativity. There is no conventional Vaidya solution if we choose unitary gauge. In this paper, we obtain three types of self-consistent ansatz with some nonunitary gauge, and find accordingly the Vaidya, generalized Vaidya and furry Vaidya solution. As by-products, we obtain a series of furry black hole. The Vaidya solution and its generalization in dRGT massive gravity describe the black holes with a variable horizon.
The quasinormal modes of a massless Dirac field in the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity theory with asymptotically de Sitter spacetime are investigated using the Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation. The effective potential for the massless Dirac field due to the dRGT black hole is derived. It is found that the shape of the potential depends crucially on the structure of the graviton mass and the behavior of the quasinormal modes is controlled by the graviton mass parameters. Higher potentials give stronger damping of the quasinormal modes. We compare our results to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter case. Our numerical calculations are checked using Pad$acute{e}$ approximation and found that the quasinormal mode frequencies converge to ones with reasonable accuracy.
We investigate perturbations of a class of spherically symmetric solutions in massive gravity and bi-gravity. The background equations of motion for the particular class of solutions we are interested in reduce to a set of the Einstein equations with a cosmological constant. Thus, the solutions in this class include all the spherically symmetric solutions in general relativity, such as the Friedmann-Lema^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker solution and the Schwarzschild (-de Sitter) solution, though the one-parameter family of two parameters of the theory admits such a class of solutions. We find that the equations of motion for the perturbations of this class of solutions also reduce to the perturbed Einstein equations at first and second order. Therefore, the stability of the solutions coincides with that of the corresponding solutions in general relativity. In particular, these solutions do not suffer from non-linear instabilities which often appear in the other cosmological solutions in massive gravity and bi-gravity.
In this paper, static electrically charged black hole solutions with cosmological constant are investigated in an Einstein-Hilbert theory of gravity with additional quadratic curvature terms. Beside the analytic Schwarzschild (Anti-) de Sitter solutions, non-Schwarzschild (Anti-) de Sitter solutions are also obtained numerically by employing the shooting method. The results show that there exist two groups of asymptotically (Anti-) de Sitter spacetimes for both charged and uncharged black holes. In particular, it was found that for uncharged black holes the first group can be reduced to the Schwarzschild (Anti-) de Sitter solution, while the second group is intrinsically different from a Schwarzschild (Anti-) de Sitter solution even when the charge and the cosmological constant become zero.
In this work, a correspondence between black hole solutions of conformal and massive theories of gravity is found. It is seen that this correspondence imposes some constraints on parameters of these theories. What is more, a relation between the mass of black holes and the parameters of massive gravity is found. Indeed, the acceptable ranges of massive gravity parameters ($c_{1}$ and $c_{2}$) are found. It is shown that by considering the positive mass of black holes, some ranges of $c_{1}$ and $c_{2}$ are acceptable.