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Register a new userOrigin of the mass splitting of elliptic anisotropy in a multiphase transport model
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The mass splitting of elliptic anisotropy ($v_2$) at low transverse momentum is considered as a hallmark of hydrodynamic collective flow. We investigate a multiphase transport (AMPT) model where the $v_2$ is mainly generated by an anisotropic escape mechanism, not of the hydrodynamic flow nature, and where mass splitting is also observed. We demonstrate that the $v_2$ mass splitting in AMPT is small right after hadronization (especially when resonance decays are included); the mass splitting mainly comes from hadronic rescatterings, even though their contribution to the overall charged hadron $v_2$ is small. These findings are qualitatively the same as those from hybrid models that combine hydrodynamics with a hadron cascade. We further show that there is no qualitative difference between heavy ion collisions and small system collisions. Our results indicate that the $v_2$ mass splitting is not a unique signature of hydrodynamic collective flow and thus cannot distinguish whether the elliptic flow is generated mainly from hydrodynamics or the anisotropic parton escape.
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Both hydrodynamics-based models and a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model can reproduce the mass splitting of azimuthal anisotropy ($v_n$) at low transverse momentum ($p_{perp}$) as observed in heavy ion collisions. In the AMPT model, however, $v_n$ is mainly generated by the parton escape mechanism, not by the hydrodynamic flow. In this study we provide detailed results on the mass splitting of $v_n$ in this transport model, including $v_2$ and $v_3$ of various hadron species in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and p+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We show that the mass splitting of hadron $v_2$ and $v_3$ in AMPT first arises from the kinematics in the quark coalescence hadronization process, and then, more dominantly, comes from hadronic rescatterings, even though the contribution from the latter to the overall charged hadron $v_n$ is small. We further show that there is no qualitative difference between heavy ion collisions and small-system collisions or between elliptic ($v_2$) and triangular ($v_3$) anisotropies. Our studies thus demonstrate that the mass splitting of $v_2$ and $v_3$ at low-$p_{perp}$ is not a unique signature of hydrodynamic collective flow but can be the interplay of several physics effects.
We introduce additional coalescence factors for the production of strange baryons in a multiphase transport (AMPT) model in order to describe the enhanced production of multistrange hadrons observed in Pb-Pb collisions at $rm sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV at the Large hadron Collider (LHC) and Au+Au collisions at $rm sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV at Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC).This extended AMPT model is found to also give a reasonable description of the multiplicity dependence of the strangeness enhancement observed in high multiplicity events in $pp$ collisions at $rm sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and $p$-Pb collisions at $rm sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. We find that the coalescence factors depend on the system size but not much on whether the system is produced from A+A or p+A collisions. The extended AMPT model thus provides a convenient way to model the mechanism underlying the observed strangeness enhancement in collisions of both small and large systems at RHIC and LHC energies.
Recently the splitting of elliptic flow $v_2$ at finite rapidities has been proposed as a result of the global vorticity in non-central relativistic heavy ion collisions. Using a multi-phase transport model that automatically includes the vorticity field and flow fluctuations, we confirm the left-right (i.e., on opposite sides of the impact parameter axis) splitting of the elliptic flow at finite rapidities. However, we find that this $v_2$ splitting is a result of the non-zero directed flow $v_1$ at finite rapidities, with the splitting magnitude $approx 8v_1/3pi$. As a result, the $v_2$ splitting vanishes at zero transverse momentum ($p_{rm T}$), and its magnitude and sign may have non-trivial dependences on $p_{rm T}$, centrality, collision energy, and hadron species. Since the left-right $v_2$ splitting is a combined effect of $v_1$ and $v_2$, it will benefit studies of the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of the dense matter.
Within a multi-phase transport model with string melting scenario, jet transport parameter $hat{q}$ is calculated in Au+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN} } $= 200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN} } $= 2.76 TeV. The $hat{q}$ increases with the increasing of jet energy for both partonic phase and hadronic phase. The energy and path length dependences of $hat{q}$ in full heavy-ion evolution are consistent with the expectations of jet quenching. The correlation between jet transport parameter $hat{q}$ and dijet transverse momentum asymmetry $A_{J}$ is mainly investigated, which discloses that a larger $hat{q}$ corresponds to a larger $A_{J}$. It supports a consistent jet energy loss picture from the two viewpoints of single jet and dijet. It is proposed to measure dijet asymmetry distributions with different jet transport parameter ranges as a new potential method to study jet quenching physics in high energy heavy-ion collisions.
Because the traditional observable of charge-dependent azimuthal correlator $gamma$ contains both contributions from the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and its background, a new observable of $R_{Psi_{m}}$ has been recently proposed which is expected to be able to distinguish the CME from the background. In this study, we apply two methods to calculate $R_{Psi_{m}}$ using a multiphase transport model without or with introducing a percentage of CME-induced charge separation. We demonstrate that the shape of final $R_{Psi_{2}}$ distribution is flat for the case without the CME, but concave for that with an amount of the CME, because the initial CME signal survives from strong final state interactions. By comparing the responses of $R_{Psi_{2}}$ and $gamma$ to the strength of the initial CME, we observe that two observables show different nonlinear sensitivities to the CME. We find that the shape of $R_{Psi_{2}}$ has an advantage in measuring a small amount of the CME, although it requires large event statistics.
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