No Arabic abstract
In the general context of presentations of monoids, we study normalisation processes that are determined by their restriction to length-two words. Garsides greedy normal forms and quadratic convergent rewriting systems, in particular those associated with the plactic monoids, are typical examples. Having introduced a parameter, called the class and measuring the complexity of the normalisation of length-three words, we analyse the normalisation of longer words and describe a number of possible behaviours. We fully axiomatise normalisations of class (4, 3), show the convergence of the associated rewriting systems, and characterise those deriving from a Garside family.
We survey results devoted to the lattice of varieties of monoids. Along with known results, some unpublished results are given with proofs. A number of open questions and problems are also formulated.
In this paper we introduce and study some geometric objects associated to Artin monoids. The Deligne complex for an Artin group is a cube complex that was introduced by the second author and Davis (1995) to study the K(pi,1) conjecture for these groups. Using a notion of Artin monoid cosets, we construct a version of the Deligne complex for Artin monoids. We show that for any Artin monoid this cube complex is contractible. Furthermore, we study the embedding of the monoid Deligne complex into the Deligne complex for the corresponding Artin group. We show that for any Artin group this is a locally isometric embedding. In the case of FC-type Artin groups this result can be strengthened to a globally isometric embedding, and it follows that the monoid Deligne complex is CAT(0) and its image in the Deligne complex is convex. We also consider the Cayley graph of an Artin group, and investigate properties of the subgraph spanned by elements of the Artin monoid. Our final results show that for a finite type Artin group, the monoid Cayley graph embeds isometrically, but not quasi-convexly, into the group Cayley graph.
We develop the theory of fragile words by introducing the concept of eraser morphism and extending the concept to more general contexts such as (free) inverse monoids. We characterize the image of the eraser morphism in the free group case, and show that it has decidable membership problem. We establish several algorithmic properties of the class of finite-${cal{J}}$-above (inverse) monoids. We prove that the image of the eraser morphism in the free inverse monoid case (and more generally, in the finite-${cal{J}}$-above case) has decidable membership problem, and relate its kernel to the free group fragile words.
We prove a sufficient condition under which a semigroup admits no finite identity basis. As an application, it is shown that the identities of the Kauffman monoid $mathcal{K}_n$ are nonfinitely based for each $nge 3$. This result holds also for the case when $mathcal{K}_n$ is considered as an involution semigroup under either of its natural involutions.
In an earlier paper, the second-named author has described the identities holding in the so-called Catalan monoids. Here we extend this description to a certain family of Hecke--Kiselman monoids including the Kiselman monoids $mathcal{K}_n$. As a consequence, we conclude that the identities of $mathcal{K}_n$ are nonfinitely based for every $nge 4$ and exhibit a finite identity basis for the identities of each of the monoids $mathcal{K}_2$ and $mathcal{K}_3$. In the third version a question left open in the initial submission has beed answered.