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Register a new userIs It Possible to Predict Strong Earthquakes?
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The possibility of earthquake prediction is one of the key open questions in modern geophysics. We propose an approach based on the analysis of common short-term candidate precursors (2 weeks to 3 months prior to strong earthquake) with the subsequent processing of brain activity signals generated in specific types of rats (kept in laboratory settings) who reportedly sense an impending earthquake few days prior to the event. We illustrate the identification of short-term precursors using the groundwater sodium-ion concentration data in the time frame from 2010 to 2014 (a major earthquake occurred on February 28, 2013), recorded at two different sites in the south-eastern part of the Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. The candidate precursors are observed as synchronized peaks in the nonstationarity factors, introduced within the flicker-noise spectroscopy framework for signal processing, for the high-frequency component of both time series. These peaks correspond to the local reorganizations of the underlying geophysical system that are believed to precede strong earthquakes. The rodent brain activity signals are selected as potential immediate (up to 2 weeks) deterministic precursors due to the recent scientific reports confirming that rodents sense imminent earthquakes and the population-genetic model of Kirshvink (2000) showing how a reliable genetic seismic escape response system may have developed over the period of several hundred million years in certain animals. The use of brain activity signals, such as electroencephalograms, in contrast to conventional abnormal animal behavior observations, enables one to apply the standard input-sensor-response approach to determine what input signals trigger specific seismic escape brain activity responses
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The paper contains description of the main properties of the galactic dark matter (DM) particles, available approaches for detection of DM, main features of direct DM detection, ways to estimate prospects for the DM detection, the first collider search for a DM candidate within an Effective Field Theory, complete review of ATLAS results of the DM candidate search with LHC RUN I, and less complete review of exotic dark particle searches with other accelerators and not only. From these considerations it follows that one is unable to prove, especially model-independently,a discovery of a DM particle with an accelerator, or collider. One can only obtain evidence on existence of a weakly interacting neutral particle, which could be, or could not be the DM candidate. The current LHC DM search program uses only the missing transverse energy signature. Non-observation of any excess above Standard Model expectations forces the LHC experiments to enter into the same fighting for the best exclusion curve, in which (almost) all direct and indirect DM search experiments permanently take place. But this fighting has very little (almost nothing) to do with a real possibility of discovering a DM particle. The true DM particles possess an exclusive galactic signature --- annual modulation of a signal, which is accessible today only for direct DM detection experiments. There is no way for it with a collider, or accelerator. Therefore to prove the DM nature of a collider-discovered candidate one must find the candidate in a direct DM experiment and demonstrate the galactic signature for the candidate. Furthermore, being observed, the DM particle must be implemented into a modern theoretical framework. The best candidate is the supersymmetry, which looks today inevitable for coherent interpretation of all available DM data.
The equation of state (EOS) in quartessence models interpolates between two stages: $psimeq 0$ at high energy densities and $papprox -rho$ at small ones. In the quartessence models analyzed up to now, the EOS is convex, implying increasing adiabatic sound speed ($c_{s}^{2}$) as the energy density decreases in an expanding Universe. A non-negligible $c_{s}^{2}$ at recent times is the source of the matter power spectrum problem that plagued all convex (non-silent) quartessence models. Viability for these cosmologies is only possible in the limit of almost perfect mimicry to $Lambda$CDM. In this work we investigate if similarity to $Lambda$CDM is also required in the class of quartessence models whose EOS changes concavity as the Universe evolves. We focus our analysis in the simple case in which the EOS has a step-like shape, such that at very early times $psimeq0$, and at late times $psimeq const<0$. For this class of models a non-negligible $c_{s}^{2}$ is a transient phenomenon, and could be relevant only at a more early epoch. We show that agreement with a large set of cosmological data requires that the transition between these two asymptotic states would have occurred at high redshift ($z_tgtrsim38$). This leads us to conjecture that the cosmic expansion history of any successful non-silent quartessence is (practically) identical to the $Lambda$CDM one.
It is known that time-dependent perturbations can enhance superconductivity and increase the critical temperature. If this phenomenon happens to high-T_c superconductors, one could obtain room-temperature superconductors, but this is still an open issue experimentally. Meanwhile, we would like to understand this phenomenon from gravity dual and see if the enhancement is possible for holographic superconductors. Previous work (arXiv:1104.4098 [hep-th]) has studied this issue by adding a time-dependent chemical potential, but their analysis is questionable as a true dynamic equilibrium. In particular, the AdS boundary does not supply energy to the bulk spacetime in their setup. A more appropriate way to discuss the enhancement is to add a time-dependent vector potential, i.e., a time-dependent electric field. However, the enhancement does not occur for holographic superconductors.
This case study tests the possibility of prediction for success (or winner) components of four stock & shares market indices in a time period of three years from 02-Jul-2009 to 29-Jun-2012.We compare their performance ain two time frames: initial frame three months at the beginning (02/06/2009-30/09/2009) and the final three month frame (02/04/2012-29/06/2012). To label the components, average price ratio between two time frames in descending order is computed. The average price ratio is defined as the ratio between the mean prices of the beginning and final time period. The winner components are referred to the top one third of total components in the same order as average price ratio it means the mean price of final time period is relatively higher than the beginning time period. The loser components are referred to the last one third of total components in the same order as they have higher mean prices of beginning time period. We analyse, is there any information about the winner-looser separation in the initial fragments of the daily closing prices log-returns time series. The Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation with k-NN algorithm is applied on the daily log-return of components using a distance and proximity in the experiment. By looking at the error analysis, it shows that for HANGSENG and DAX index, there are clear signs of possibility to evaluate the probability of long-term success. The correlation distance matrix histograms and 2-D/3-D elastic maps generated from ViDaExpert show that the winner components are closer to each other and winner/loser components are separable on elastic maps for HANGSENG and DAX index while for the negative possibility indices, there is no sign of separation.
A promising perspective is presented that humans can provide hourly warning for strong land earthquakes (EQs, Ms6). Two important atmospheric electrostatic signal features are described. A table that lists 9 strong land EQs with shock time, epicenter, magnitude, weather in the region near the epicenter, precursor beginning time, and precursor duration demonstrates that at approximately several hours to one day before a strong land EQ, the weather conditions are fair near the epicenter, and an abnormal negative atmospheric electrostatic signal is very obvious. Moreover, the mechanism is explained. A method by which someone could determine the epicenter and the magnitude of a forthcoming strong EQ is suggested. Finally, the possibility of realizing hourly warning for strong land EQs in the near future is pointed out.
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