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Register a new userRobust quantum random number generator based on avalanche photodiodes
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We propose and demonstrate a scheme to realize a high-efficiency truly quantum random number generator (RNG) at room temperature (RT). Using an effective extractor with simple time bin encoding method, the avalanche pulses of avalanche photodiode (APD) are converted into high-quality random numbers (RNs) that are robust to slow varying noise such as fluctuations of pulse intensity and temperature. A light source is compatible but not necessary in this scheme. Therefor the robustness of the system is effective enhanced. The random bits generation rate of this proof-of-principle system is 0.69 Mbps with double APDs and 0.34 Mbps with single APD. The results indicate that a high-speed RNG chip based on the scheme is potentially available with an integrable APD array.
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Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction. Quantum entropy in the measurements decides the quality and security of the random number generator. At the same time, it directly determine the extraction ratio of true randomness from the raw data, in other words, it affects quantum random numbers generating rate obviously. In this work, considering the effects of classical noise, the best way to enhance quantum entropy in the vacuum-based quantum random number generator is explored in the optimum dynamical analog-digital converter (ADC) range scenario. The influence of classical noise excursion, which may be intrinsic to a system or deliberately induced by an eavesdropper, on the quantum entropy is derived. We propose enhancing local oscillator intensity rather than electrical gain for noise-independent amplification of quadrature fluctuation of vacuum state. Abundant quantum entropy is extractable from the raw data even when classical noise excursion is large. Experimentally, an extraction ratio of true randomness of 85.3% is achieved by finite enhancement of the local oscillator power when classical noise excursions of the raw data is obvious.
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We experimentally demonstrate a bias-free optical quantum random number generator with real-time randomness extraction to directly output uniform distributed random numbers by measuring the vacuum fluctuation of quantum state. A phase modulator is utilized in the scheme to effectively reduce the influence of deviations between two arms of the generator caused by the imperfect practical devices, which is an innovative solution in the field of quantum random number generator. In the case where the feedback modulation frequency is much faster than the phase jitter, an unbiased result can be obtained by an additional subtraction between the compensation signal and its average value to eliminate residual deviation. A following randomness extractor is applied to eliminate the influence of residual side information introduced by the imperfect devices in practical system.
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