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Register a new userExperimental implementation of bias-free quantum random number generator based on vacuum fluctuation
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We experimentally demonstrate a bias-free optical quantum random number generator with real-time randomness extraction to directly output uniform distributed random numbers by measuring the vacuum fluctuation of quantum state. A phase modulator is utilized in the scheme to effectively reduce the influence of deviations between two arms of the generator caused by the imperfect practical devices, which is an innovative solution in the field of quantum random number generator. In the case where the feedback modulation frequency is much faster than the phase jitter, an unbiased result can be obtained by an additional subtraction between the compensation signal and its average value to eliminate residual deviation. A following randomness extractor is applied to eliminate the influence of residual side information introduced by the imperfect devices in practical system.
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A bias-free source-independent quantum random number generator scheme based on the measurement of vacuum fluctuation is proposed to realize the effective elimination of system bias and common mode noise introduced by the local oscillator. Optimal parameter settings are derived to avoid the system recording two canonically conjugate quadratures simultaneously in each measurement. In particular, it provides a new approach to investigate the performance difference between measuring two quadratures of equal and unequal intensity. It is experimentally demonstrated that the system supports 4.2 Gbps bias-free source-independent random number generation, where its common mode rejection ratio reaches 61.17 dB. Furthermore, the scheme offers an all-optical method facilitating the integration of source-independent quantum random number generators into compact chips.
Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction. Quantum entropy in the measurements decides the quality and security of the random number generator. At the same time, it directly determine the extraction ratio of true randomness from the raw data, in other words, it affects quantum random numbers generating rate obviously. In this work, considering the effects of classical noise, the best way to enhance quantum entropy in the vacuum-based quantum random number generator is explored in the optimum dynamical analog-digital converter (ADC) range scenario. The influence of classical noise excursion, which may be intrinsic to a system or deliberately induced by an eavesdropper, on the quantum entropy is derived. We propose enhancing local oscillator intensity rather than electrical gain for noise-independent amplification of quadrature fluctuation of vacuum state. Abundant quantum entropy is extractable from the raw data even when classical noise excursion is large. Experimentally, an extraction ratio of true randomness of 85.3% is achieved by finite enhancement of the local oscillator power when classical noise excursions of the raw data is obvious.
We propose and demonstrate a scheme to realize a high-efficiency truly quantum random number generator (RNG) at room temperature (RT). Using an effective extractor with simple time bin encoding method, the avalanche pulses of avalanche photodiode (APD) are converted into high-quality random numbers (RNs) that are robust to slow varying noise such as fluctuations of pulse intensity and temperature. A light source is compatible but not necessary in this scheme. Therefor the robustness of the system is effective enhanced. The random bits generation rate of this proof-of-principle system is 0.69 Mbps with double APDs and 0.34 Mbps with single APD. The results indicate that a high-speed RNG chip based on the scheme is potentially available with an integrable APD array.
We propose an approach to realize a quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the photon number decision of weak laser pulses. This type of QRNG can generate true random numbers at a high speed and can be adjusted to zero bias conveniently, thus is suitable for the applications in quantum cryptography.
We present a random number generation scheme based on measuring the phase fluctuations of a laser with a simple and compact experimental setup. A simple model is established to analyze the randomness and the simulation result based on this model fits well with the experiment data. After the analog to digital sampling and suitable randomness extraction integrated in the field programmable gate array, the final random bits are delivered to a PC, realizing a 5.4 Gbps real time quantum random number generation. The final random bit sequences have passed all the NIST and DIEHARD tests.
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