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Register a new userApprocher lidentit{e} professionnelle denseignants universitaires de physique : un levier pour initier des changements de pratiques p{e}dagogiques
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As a result of the deep modifications of the French physics and chemistry curricula in upper secondary school during these last three years, the physics department of the Universite Paris Diderot (France) wished to develop a renovation project concerning its methods of teachings. As science education researchers we took part in this project questioning 104 university academics of this department through 23 exploratory interviews and 81 questionnaires. They have been asked about the possible and desirable changes concerning pedagogical methods and organization (with respect to current difficulties met by the students). This study has enabled us to pinpoint elements of their professional identity as teachers. This identity has been explored according to various directions: rules which govern their profession, qualities and skills for the practice, values of the profession, as well as a didactic dimension, dealing specifically with physics teaching. The analysis of the collected data allows us to identify major trends among university academics conceptions about teaching, such as: a good teacher is above all a good physicist, or, teaching has to favor interactions with students. It also allows us to bring to light tensions between what university academics would like to do in their teaching and what they declare to do in practice or think feasible
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We study the dynamics of surface homeomorphisms around isolated fixed points whose Poincar{e}-Lefschetz index is not equal to 1. We construct a new conjugacy invariant, which is a cyclic word on the alphabet ${ua, ra, da, la}$. This invariant is a refinement of the P.-L. index. It can be seen as a canonical decomposition of the dynamics into a finite number of sectors of hyperbolic, elliptic or indifferent type. The contribution of each type of sector to the P.-L. index is respectively -1/2, $+1/2$ and 0. The construction of the invariant implies the existence of some canonical dynamical structures.
From 2010, the medical transport has become one of the top ten priorities of the risk management plan in France because of the increase in the cost. For social and medico-social institutions (MSI), this cost represents the second after that of the wages. In this context, the project NOMAd aims an overall improvement of the daily transport of people between their home and their (MSI). To this end, we propose the sharing of transport between several ESMS. This mutualization of transport makes possible to gather and optimize routes in a certain geographical area. The challenge is to improve economic performance while maintaining economic, social and environmental goals. From a scientific point of view, the studied problem is called the Time-Consistent-Dial-a-Ride Problem and aims to find a compromise between the objectives of the cost of transport and the consistency of the service. Given the complexity of the problem, we seek, first of all, to solve the problem for half a day. Then we consider the whole week. To solve these problems, we use the Large Neighborhood Search meta-heuristic and a master problem based on the Set Covering Problem.
The effect of leverage on liquidity is a tool for analysing the level of liquidity for a given production process. It measures the sensitivity of the level of liquidity that results from changes in the volume of production and unit operating margin. A commercial activity is liquid at the moment when all costs are covered by revenues. However, not all of the cash flows from production influence liquidity levels. The estimated costs do not directly influence the level of liquidity. Therefore, two indicators are to be taken into consideration: the elasticity of ongoing liquidity - fixed costs include estimated costs, and, the elasticity of immediate liquidity - fixed costs only include costs that are payable. The coefficients of leverage of ongoing liquidity and of leverage of immediate liquidity in relation to the operating margin have a behaviour that is identical to that calculated in relation to production. If the productive capacity remains unchanged, the regulation of the change in elasticity of the costs and of its influence on the unitary operating margin is the sole parameter available to the entrepreneur to maintain the liquidity of the company at the desired level. But, if the productive capacity is variable, the entrepreneur can use the volume of sales to control liquidity but then the transformation of the production process must be analysed so as to adjust the relevant elements to retain in the operating structure the degree of liquidity wished for.
The aim of this study is to produce a kinematic analysis of movements of the shoulder complex when hemiparetic patients achieve the grasping of weighted objects. We propose to describe the influence of the weight on kinematic characteristics of the gesture and to establish the relevance of several quantitative indexes concerning the quality of the grasping gesture.
Petri-nets are a simple formalism for modeling concurrent computation. Recently, they have emerged as a powerful tool for the modeling and analysis of biochemical reaction networks, bridging the gap between purely qualitative and quantitative models. These networks can be large and complex, which makes their study difficult and computationally challenging. In this paper, we focus on two structural properties of Petri-nets, siphons and traps, that bring us information about the persistence of some molecular species. We present two methods for enumerating all minimal siphons and traps of a Petri-net by iterating the resolution of a boolean model interpreted as either a SAT or a CLP(B) program. We compare the performance of these methods with a state-of-the-art dedicated algorithm of the Petri-net community. We show that the SAT and CLP(B) programs are both faster. We analyze why these programs perform so well on the models of the repository of biological models biomodels.net, and propose some hard instances for the problem of minimal siphons enumeration.
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