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Register a new userOptical characterization of active photon cages
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Recently, we developed a new family of 3D photonic hollow resonators which theoretically allow tight confinement of light in a fluid (gaz or liquid): the photon cages. These new resonators could be ideal for sensing applications since they not only localize the electromagnetic energy in a small mode volume but also enforce maximal overlap between this localized field and the environment (i.e. a potential volume of nano-particles). In this work, we will present numerical and experimental studies of the interaction of a photon cage optical mode with nano-emitters. For this, PbS quantum dot emitters in a PDMS host matrix have been introduced in photon cages designed to have optimal confinement properties when containing a PDMS-based active medium. Photoluminescence measurements have been performed and the presence of quantum dot emitters in the photon cages has been demonstrated.
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We examine array of metal-mesh frameworks for their wide-band absorption. These take the form of quasi-crystal optical cages. An array of cages tends to focus the incoming radiation within each framework. An array of cage-within-cage funnels the radiation from the outer cage to its inner core even further.
In pursuit of infrared (IR) radiation absorbers, we examine quasicrystal structures made of graphite wires. An array of graphitic cages and cage-within-cage, and whose overall dimensions is smaller than the radiation wavelength exhibit a flat absorption spectrum, A~0.83 between 10-30 microns and a quality loss factor of L~0.83 (L=A/Q, with Q, the quality factor). Simulations at microwave frequencies show multiple absorption lines. In the case of a cage within cage, energy is funneled towards the inner cage which result in a rather hot structure. Applications are envisioned as anti-fogging surfaces, EM shields and energy harvesting.
We report on the optical characterization of an ultra-high diffraction efficiency grating in 1st order Littrow configuration. The apparatus used was an optical cavity built from the grating under investigation and an additional high reflection mirror. Measurement of the cavity finesse provided precise information about the gratings diffraction efficiency and its optical loss. We measured a finesse of 1580 from which we deduced a diffraction efficiency of (99.635$pm$0.016)% and an overall optical loss due to scattering and absorption of just 0.185 %. Such high quality gratings, including the tool used for their characterization, might apply for future gravitational wave detectors. For example the demonstrated cavity itself presents an all-reflective, low-loss Fabry-Perot resonator that might replace conventional arm cavities in advanced high power Michelson interferometers.
A single photon source with high repeatability and low uncertainties is the key element for few-photon metrology based on photon numbers. While low photon number fluctuations and high repeatability are important figures for qualification as a standard light source, these characteristics are limited in single photon emitters by some malicious phenomena like blinking or internal relaxations to varying degrees in different materials. This study seeks to characterize photon number fluctuations and repeatability for radiometry applications at room temperature. For generality in this study, we collected photon statistics data with various single photon emitters of $g^{(2)}(0) < 1$ at low excitation power and room temperature in three material platforms: silicon vacancy in diamond, defects in GaN, and vacancy in hBN. We found common factors related with the relaxation times of the internal states that indirectly affect photon number stability. We observed a high stability of photon number with defects in GaN due to faster relaxations compared with vacancies in hBN, which on the other hand produced high rates ($> 10^6$) of photons per second. Finally, we demonstrate repeatable radiant flux measurements of a bright hBN single photon emitter for a wide radiant flux range from a few tens of femtowatts to one picowatt.
In optical pumping of rubidium, a new kind of absorption occurs with a higher amplitude of radio frequency current. From measurement of the corresponding magnetic field value where this absorption occurs, there is a conclusion that it is multi-photon absorption. Both the degeneracy and energy of photons contribute to the intensity.
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