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A microwave field is used to control the interaction between pairs of optical photons stored in highly excited collective states (Rydberg polaritons). We show that strong dipole-dipole interactions induced by the microwave field destroy the coherence of polariton modes with more than one Rydberg excitation. Consequently single-polariton modes, which correspond to single stored photons, are preferentially retrieved from the sample. Measurements of the photon statistics of the retrieved light field also reveal non-trivial propagation dynamics of the interacting polaritons.
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Harnessing nonlinearities strong enough to allow two single photons to interact with one another is not only a fascinating challenge but is central to numerous advanced applications in quantum information science. Currently, all known approaches are extremely challenging although a few have led to experimental realisations with attenuated classical laser light. This has included cross-phase modulation with weak classical light in atomic ensembles and optical fibres, converting incident laser light into a non-classical stream of photon or Rydberg blockades as well as all-optical switches with attenuated classical light in various atomic systems. Here we report the observation of a nonlinear parametric interaction between two true single photons. Single photons are initially generated by heralding one photon from each of two independent spontaneous parametric downconversion sources. The two heralded single photons are subsequently combined in a nonlinear waveguide where they are converted into a single photon with a higher energy. Our approach highlights the potential for quantum nonlinear optics with integrated devices, and as the photons are at telecom wavelengths, it is well adapted to applications in quantum communication.
We have measured quantum interference between two single microwave photons trapped in a superconducting resonator, whose frequencies are initially about 6 GHz apart. We accomplish this by use of a parametric frequency conversion process that mixes the mode currents of two cavity harmonics through a superconducting quantum interference device, and demonstrate that a two-photon entanglement operation can be performed with high fidelity.
We report on the local control of the transition frequency of a spin-$1/2$ encoded in two Rydberg levels of an individual atom by applying a state-selective light shift using an addressing beam. With this tool, we first study the spectrum of an elementary system of two spins, tuning it from a non-resonant to a resonant regime, where bright (superradiant) and dark (subradiant) states emerge. We observe the collective enhancement of the microwave coupling to the bright state. We then show that after preparing an initial single spin excitation and letting it hop due to the spin-exchange interaction, we can freeze the dynamics at will with the addressing laser, while preserving the coherence of the system. In the context of quantum simulation, this scheme opens exciting prospects for engineering inhomogeneous XY spin Hamiltonians or preparing spin-imbalanced initial states.
We report fast charge state readout of a double quantum dot in a CMOS split-gate silicon nanowire transistor via the large dispersive interaction with microwave photons in a lumped-element resonator formed by hybrid integration with a superconducting inductor. We achieve a coupling rate $g_0/(2pi) = 204 pm 2$ MHz by exploiting the large interdot gate lever arm of an asymmetric split-gate device, $alpha=0.72$, and by inductively coupling to the resonator to increase its impedance, $Z_text{r}=560~Omega$. In the dispersive regime, the large coupling strength at the double quantum dot hybridisation point produces a frequency shift comparable to the resonator linewidth, the optimal setting for maximum state visibility. We exploit this regime to demonstrate rapid dispersive readout of the charge degree of freedom, with a SNR of 3.3 in 50 ns. In the resonant regime, the fast charge decoherence rate precludes reaching the strong coupling regime, but we show a clear route to spin-photon circuit quantum electrodynamics using hybrid CMOS systems.
A localized qubit entangled with a propagating quantum field is well suited to study non-local aspects of quantum mechanics and may also provide a channel to communicate between spatially separated nodes in a quantum network. Here, we report the on demand generation and characterization of Bell-type entangled states between a superconducting qubit and propagating microwave fields composed of zero, one and two-photon Fock states. Using low noise linear amplification and efficient data acquisition we extract all relevant correlations between the qubit and the photon states and demonstrate entanglement with high fidelity.
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