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Register a new userGalactic Escape Speeds in Mirror and Cold Dark Matter Models
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The mirror dark matter (MDM) model of Berezhiani et al. has been shown to reproduce observed galactic rotational curves for a variety of spiral galaxies, and has been presented as an alternative to cold dark matter (CDM) models. We investigate possible additional tests involving the properties of stellar orbits, which may be used to discriminate between the two models. We demonstrate that in MDM and CDM models fitted equally well to a galactic rotational curve, one generally expects predictable differences in escape speeds from the disc. The recent radial velocity (RAVE) survey of the Milky Way has pinned down the escape speed from the solar neighbourhood to $v_{esc}=544^{+64}_{-46}$ km s$^{-1}$, placing an additional constraint on dark matter models. We have constructed an MDM model for the Milky Way based on its rotational curve, and find an escape speed that is just consistent with the observed value given the current errors, which lends credence to the viability of the MDM model. The Gaia-ESO spectroscopic survey is expected to lead to an even more precise estimate of the escape speed that will further constrain dark matter models. However, the largest differences in stellar escape speeds between both models are predicted for dark matter dominated dwarf galaxies such as DDO 154, and kinematical studies of such galaxies could prove key in establishing, or abolishing, the validity of the MDM model.
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In a galactic halo like the Milky Way, bosonic dark matter particles lighter than about $30$ eV have a de Broglie wavelength larger than the average inter-particle separation and are therefore well described as a set of classical waves. This applies to, for instance, the QCD axion as well as to lighter axion-like particles such as fuzzy dark matter. We show that the interference of waves inside a halo inevitably leads to vortices, locations where chance destructive interference takes the density to zero. The phase of the wavefunction has non-trivial winding around these points. This can be interpreted as a non-zero velocity circulation, so that vortices are sites where the fluid velocity has a non-vanishing curl. Using analytic arguments and numerical simulations, we study the properties of vortices and show they have a number of universal features: (1) In three spatial dimensions, the generic defects take the form of vortex rings. (2) On average there is about one vortex ring per de Broglie volume and (3) generically only single winding ($pm 1$) vortices are found in a realistic halo. (4) The density near a vortex scales as $r^2$ while the velocity goes as $1/r$, where $r$ is the distance to vortex. (5) A vortex segment moves at a velocity inversely proportional to its curvature scale so that smaller vortex rings move faster, allowing momentary motion exceeding escape velocity. We discuss observational/experimental signatures from vortices and, more broadly, wave interference. In the ultra-light regime, gravitational lensing by interference substructures leads to flux anomalies of $5-10 %$ in strongly lensed systems. For QCD axions, vortices lead to a diminished signal in some detection experiments but not in others. We advocate the measurement of correlation functions by axion detection experiments as a way to probe and capitalize on the expected interference substructures.
Direct detection (DD) of dark matter (DM) candidates in the $lesssim$10 GeV mass range is very sensitive to the tail of their velocity distribution. The important quantity is the maximum WIMP speed in the observers rest frame, i.e. in average the sum of the local Galactic escape speed $v_{rm esc}$ and of the circular velocity of the Sun $v_c$. While the latter has been receiving continuous attention, the former is more difficult to constrain. The RAVE Collaboration has just released a new estimate of $v_{rm esc}$ (Piffl {em et al.}, 2014 --- P14) that supersedes the previous one (Smith {em et al.}, 2007), which is of interest in the perspective of reducing the astrophysical uncertainties in DD. Nevertheless, these new estimates cannot be used blindly as they rely on assumptions in the dark halo modeling which induce tight correlations between the escape speed and other local astrophysical parameters. We make a self-consistent study of the implications of the RAVE results on DD assuming isotropic DM velocity distributions, both Maxwellian and ergodic. Taking as references the experimental sensitivities currently achieved by LUX, CRESST-II, and SuperCDMS, we show that: (i) the exclusion curves associated with the best-fit points of P14 may be more constraining by up to $sim 40$% with respect to standard limits, because the underlying astrophysical correlations induce a larger local DM density; (ii) the corresponding relative uncertainties inferred in the low WIMP mass region may be moderate, down to 10-15% below 10 GeV. We finally discuss the level of consistency of these results with other independent astrophysical constraints. This analysis is complementary to others based on rotation curves.
We study fundamental properties of steady, spherically symmetric, isothermal galactic outflow in appropriate gravitational potential models. We aim at constructing a universal scale free theory not only for galactic winds, but also for winds from clusters/groups of galaxies. In particular, we consider effects of mass-density distribution on the formation of transonic galactic outflows under several models of the density distribution profile predicted by cosmological simulations of structure formation based on the cold dark matter (CDM) scenario. In this study, we have clarified that there exists two types of transonic solutions: outflows from the central region and from distant region with a finite radius, depending upon the density distribution of the system. The system with sufficiently steep density gradient at the center is allowed to have the transonic outflows from the center. The resultant criterion intriguingly indicates that the density gradient at the center must be steeper than that of the prediction of conventional CDM model including Navarro, Frenk & White (1997) and Moore et al. (1999). This result suggests that an additional steeper density distribution originated by baryonic systems such as the stellar component and/or the central massive black hole is required to realize transonic outflow from the central region. On the other hand, we predict the outflow, which is started at the outskirts of the galactic center and is slowly-accelerated without any drastic energy injection like starburst events. These transonic outflows may contribute secularly to the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium.
We review the physics and phenomenology of wave dark matter: a bosonic dark matter candidate lighter than about 30 eV. Such particles have a de Broglie wavelength exceeding the average inter-particle separation in a galaxy like the Milky Way, and are well described as classical waves. We outline the particle physics motivations for them, including the QCD axion and ultra-light axion-like-particles such as fuzzy dark matter. The wave nature of the dark matter implies a rich phenomenology: (1) Wave interference leads to order unity density fluctuations on de Broglie scale. A manifestation is vortices where the density vanishes and around which the velocity circulates. There is one vortex ring per de Broglie volume on average. (2) For sufficiently low masses, soliton condensation occurs at centers of halos. The soliton oscillates and random walks, another manifestation of wave interference. The halo/subhalo abundance is suppressed at small masses, but the precise prediction from numerical wave simulations remains to be determined. (3) For ultra-light ~$10^{-22}$ eV dark matter, the wave interference substructures can be probed by tidal streams/gravitational lensing. The signal can be distinguished from that due to subhalos by the dependence on stream orbital radius/image separation. (4) Axion detection experiments are sensitive to interference substructures for moderately light masses. The stochastic nature of the waves affects the interpretation of experiments and motivates the measurement of correlation functions. Current constraints and open questions, covering detection experiments and cosmological/galactic/black-hole observations, are discussed.
We consider a dark matter halo (DMH) of a spherical galaxy as a Bose-Einstein condensate of the ultra-light axions interacting with the baryonic matter. In the mean-field limit, we have derived the integro-differential equation of the Hartree-Fock type for the spherically symmetrical wave function of the DMH component. This equation includes two independent dimensionless parameters: (i) b{eta}- the ratio of baryon and axion total mases and (ii) {xi}- the ratio of characteristic baryon and axion spatial parameters. We extended our dissipation algorithm for studying numerically the ground state of the axion halo in the gravitational field produced by the baryonic component. We calculated the characteristic size, Xc, of DMH as a function of b{eta} and {xi} and obtained an analytical approximation for Xc.
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