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This article is the first part of a series of three articles about compatible systems of symplectic Galois representations and applications to the inverse Galois problem. In this first part, we determine the smallest field over which the projectivisation of a given symplectic group representation satisfying some natural conditions can be defined. The answer only depends on inner twists. We apply this to the residual representations of a compatible system of symplectic Galois representations satisfying some mild hypothesis and obtain precise information on their projective images for almost all members of the system, under the assumption of huge residual images, by which we mean that a symplectic group of full dimension over the prime field is contained up to conjugation. Finally, we obtain an application to the inverse Galois problem.
This article is the third and last part of a series of three articles about compatible systems of symplectic Galois representations and applications to the inverse Galois problem. This part proves the following new result for the inverse Galois problem for symplectic groups. For any even positive integer n and any positive integer d, PSp_n(F_{l^d}) or PGSp_n(F_{l^d}) occurs as a Galois group over the rational numbers for a positive density set of primes l. The result is obtained by showing the existence of a regular, algebraic, self-dual, cuspidal automorphic representation of GL_n(A_Q) with local types chosen so as to obtain a compatible system of Galois representations to which the results from Part II of this series apply.
A strategy to address the inverse Galois problem over Q consists of exploiting the knowledge of Galois representations attached to certain automorphic forms. More precisely, if such forms are carefully chosen, they provide compatible systems of Galois representations satisfying some desired properties, e.g. properties that reflect on the image of the members of the system. In this article we survey some results obtained using this strategy.
Let $mathcal{G}$ be a connected reductive almost simple group over the Witt ring $W(mathbb{F})$ for $mathbb{F}$ a finite field of characteristic $p$. Let $R$ and $R$ be complete noetherian local $W(mathbb{F})$ -algebras with residue field $mathbb{F}$. Under a mild condition on $p$ in relation to structural constants of $mathcal{G}$, we show the following results: (1) Every closed subgroup $H$ of $mathcal{G}(R)$ with full residual image $mathcal{G}(mathbb{F})$ is a conjugate of a group $mathcal{G}(A)$ for $Asubset R$ a closed subring that is local and has residue field $mathbb{F}$ . (2) Every surjective homomorphism $mathcal{G}(R)tomathcal{G}(R)$ is, up to conjugation, induced from a ring homomorphism $Rto R$. (3) The identity map on $mathcal{G}(R)$ represents the universal deformation of the representation of the profinite group $mathcal{G}(R)$ given by the reduction map $mathcal{G}(R)tomathcal{G}(mathbb{F})$. This generalizes results of Dorobisz and Eardley-Manoharmayum and of Manoharmayum, and in addition provides an abstract classification result for closed subgroups of $mathcal{G}(R)$ with residually full image. We provide an axiomatic framework to study this type of question, also for slightly more general $mathcal{G}$, and we study in the case at hand in great detail what conditions on $mathbb{F}$ or on $p$ in relation to $mathcal{G}$ are necessary for the above results to hold.
In this paper we generalize results of P. Le Duff to genus n hyperelliptic curves. More precisely, let C/Q be a hyperelliptic genus n curve and let J(C) be the associated Jacobian variety. Assume that there exists a prime p such that J(C) has semistable reduction with toric dimension 1 at p. We provide an algorithm to compute a list of primes l (if they exist) such that the Galois representation attached to the l-torsion of J(C) is surjective onto the group GSp(2n, l). In particular we realize GSp(6, l) as a Galois group over Q for all primes l in [11, 500000].
Let E be an elliptic curve without complex multiplication (CM) over a number field K, and let G_E(ell) be the image of the Galois representation induced by the action of the absolute Galois group of K on the ell-torsion subgroup of E. We present two probabilistic algorithms to simultaneously determine G_E(ell) up to local conjugacy for all primes ell by sampling images of Frobenius elements; one is of Las Vegas type and the other is a Monte Carlo algorithm. They determine G_E(ell) up to one of at most two isomorphic conjugacy classes of subgroups of GL_2(Z/ell Z) that have the same semisimplification, each of which occurs for an elliptic curve isogenous to E. Under the GRH, their running times are polynomial in the bit-size n of an integral Weierstrass equation for E, and for our Monte Carlo algorithm, quasi-linear in n. We have applied our algorithms to the non-CM elliptic curves in Cremonas tables and the Stein--Watkins database, some 140 million curves of conductor up to 10^10, thereby obtaining a conjecturally complete list of 63 exceptional Galois images G_E(ell) that arise for E/Q without CM. Under this conjecture we determine a complete list of 160 exceptional Galois images G_E(ell) the arise for non-CM elliptic curves over quadratic fields with rational j-invariants. We also give examples of exceptional Galois images that arise for non-CM elliptic curves over quadratic fields only when the j-invariant is irrational.