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The measurement of diffractively scattered protons in the ATLAS Forward Physics detector system placed 220 m away from the ATLAS interaction point is studied. A parameterisation of the scattered proton transport through the LHC magnet lattice is presented. The proton energy unfolding and its impact on the centrally produced scalar particle mass resolution are discussed.
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We present the results of an R&D study for a specialized processor capable of precisely reconstructing events with hundreds of charged-particle tracks in pixel and silicon strip detectors at $40,rm MHz$, thus suitable for processing LHC events at the full crossing frequency. For this purpose we design and test a massively parallel pattern-recognition algorithm, inspired to the current understanding of the mechanisms adopted by the primary visual cortex of mammals in the early stages of visual-information processing. The detailed geometry and charged-particles activity of a large tracking detector are simulated and used to assess the performance of the artificial retina algorithm. We find that high-quality tracking in large detectors is possible with sub-microsecond latencies when the algorithm is implemented in modern, high-speed, high-bandwidth FPGA devices.
The CHIPS experiment will comprise a 10 kton water Cherenkov detector in an open mine pit in northern Minnesota, USA. The detector has been simulated using a full GEANT4 simulation and a series of event reconstruction algorithms have been developed to exploit the charge and time information from all of the PMTs. A comparison of simulated CCQE nu_mu and nu_e interactions using 10 inch and 3 inch PMTs is presented, alongside a comparison of 10% and 6% photocathode coverage for 3 inch PMTs. The studies demonstrate that the required selection efficiency and purity of charged-current nu_e interactions can be achieved using a photocathode coverage of 6% with 3 inch PMTs. Finally, a dedicated pi-zero fitter is shown to successfully reconstruct a clean sample of pi-zero mesons despite the low 6% photocathode coverage with 3 inch PMTs.
We present the results of an R&D study of a specialized processor capable of precisely reconstructing events with hundreds of charged-particle tracks in pixel detectors at 40 MHz, thus suitable for processing LHC events at the full crossing frequency. For this purpose we design and test a massively parallel pattern-recognition algorithm, inspired by studies of the processing of visual images by the brain as it happens in nature. We find that high-quality tracking in large detectors is possible with sub-$mu$s latencies when this algorithm is implemented in modern, high-speed, high-bandwidth FPGA devices. This opens a possibility of making track reconstruction happen transparently as part of the detector readout.
The XENON1T experiment at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso is the most sensitive direct detection experiment for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting particles (WIMPs) with masses above $6,$GeV/$c^2$ scattering off nuclei. The detector employs a dual-phase time projection chamber with 2.0 metric tons of liquid xenon in the target. A one metric $mathrm{ton}timesmathrm{year}$ exposure of science data was collected between October 2016 and February 2018. This article reports on the performance of the detector during this period and describes details of the data analysis that led to the most stringent exclusion limits on various WIMP-nucleon interaction models to date. In particular, signal reconstruction, event selection and calibration of the detector response to nuclear and electronic recoils in XENON1T are discussed.
Large-volume liquid scintillator detectors with ultra-low background levels have been widely used to study neutrino physics and search for dark matter. Event vertex and event time are not only useful for event selection but also essential for the reconstruction of event energy. In this study, four event vertex and event time reconstruction algorithms using charge and time information collected by photomultiplier tubes were analyzed comprehensively. The effects of photomultiplier tube properties were also investigated. The results indicate that the transit time spread is the main effect degrading the vertex reconstruction, while the effect of dark noise is limited. In addition, when the event is close to the detector boundary, the charge information provides better performance for vertex reconstruction than the time information.
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