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Register a new userUniversality of Crystallographic Pinning
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We study traveling waves for reaction diffusion equations on the spatially discrete domain $Z^2$. The phenomenon of crystallographic pinning occurs when traveling waves become pinned in certain directions despite moving with non-zero wave speed in nearby directions. Mallet-Paret has shown that crystallographic pinning occurs for all rational directions, so long as the nonlinearity is close to the sawtooth. In this paper we show that crystallographic pinning holds in the horizontal and vertical directions for bistable nonlinearities which satisfy a specific computable generic condition. The proof is based on dynamical systems. In particular, it relies on an examination of the heteroclinic chains which occur as singular limits of wave profiles on the boundary of the pinning region.
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In this paper, without assuming symmetry, irreducibility, or linearity of the couplings, we prove that a single controller can pin a coupled complex network to a homogenous solution. Sufficient conditions are presented to guarantee the convergence of the pinning process locally and globally. An effective approach to adapt the coupling strength is proposed. Several numerical simulations are given to verify our theoretical analysis.
The dynamics of an inviscid and incompressible fluid flow on a Riemannian manifold is governed by the Euler equations. Recently, Tao [35,36] launched a programme to address the global existence problem for the Euler and Navier Stokes equations based on the concept of universality. In this article we prove that the Euler equations exhibit universality features. More precisely, we show that any non-autonomous flow on a compact manifold can be extended to a smooth solution of the Euler equations on some Riemannian manifold of possibly higher dimension. The solutions we construct are stationary of Beltrami type, so they exist for all time. Using this result, we establish the Turing completeness of the Euler flows, i.e. that there exist solutions that encode a universal Turing machine and, in particular, these solutions have undecidable trajectories. Our proofs deepen the correspondence between contact topology and hydrodynamics, which is key to establish the universality of the Reeb flows and their Beltrami counterparts. An essential ingredient in the proofs is a novel flexibility theorem for embeddings in Reeb dynamics in terms of an $h$-principle in contact geometry, which unveils the flexible behavior of the steady Euler flows.
The architecture of infinite structures with non-crystallographic symmetries can be modeled via aperiodic tilings, but a systematic construction method for finite structures with non-crystallographic symmetry at different radial levels is still lacking. We present here a group theoretical method for the construction of finite nested point set with non-crystallographic symmetry. Akin to the construction of quasicrystals, we embed a non-crystallographic group $G$ into the point group $mathcal{P}$ of a higher dimensional lattice and construct the chains of all $G$-containing subgroups. We determine the orbits of lattice points under such subgroups, and show that their projection into a lower dimensional $G$-invariant subspace consists of nested point sets with $G$-symmetry at each radial level. The number of different radial levels is bounded by the index of $G$ in the subgroup of $mathcal{P}$. In the case of icosahedral symmetry, we determine all subgroup chains explicitly and illustrate that these point sets in projection provide blueprints that approximate the organisation of simple viral capsids, encoding information on the structural organisation of capsid proteins and the genomic material collectively, based on two case studies. Contrary to the affine extensions previously introduced, these orbits endow virus architecture with an underlying finite group structure, which lends itself better for the modelling of its dynamic properties than its infinite dimensional counterpart.
It was recently shown by Gaidashev and Yampolsky that appropriately defined renormalizations of a sufficiently dissipative golden-mean semi-Siegel Henon map converge super-exponentially fast to a one-dimensional renormalization fixed point. In this paper, we show that the asymptotic two-dimensional form of these renormalizations is universal, and is parameterized by the average Jacobian. This is similar to the limit behavior of period-doubling renormalization in the Henon family considered by de Carvalho, Lyubich and Martens. As an application of our result, we prove that the boundary of the golden-mean Siegel disk of a dissipative Henon map is non-rigid.
Standard X-ray crystallography methods use free-atom models to calculate mean unit cell charge densities. Real molecules, however, have shared charge that is not captured accurately using free-atom models. To address this limitation, a charge density model of crystalline urea was calculated using high-level quantum theory and was refined against publicly available ultra high-resolution experimental Bragg data, including the effects of atomic displacement parameters. The resulting quantum crystallographic model was compared to models obtained using spherical atom or multipole methods. Despite using only the same number of free parameters as the spherical atom model, the agreement of the quantum model with the data is comparable to the multipole model. The static, theoretical crystalline charge density of the quantum model is distinct from the multipole model, indicating the quantum model provides substantially new information. Hydrogen thermal ellipsoids in the quantum model were very similar to those obtained using neutron crystallography, indicating that quantum crystallography can increase the accuracy of the X-ray crystallographic atomic displacement parameters. The results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrating fully periodic quantum charge density calculations into ultra high-resolution X-ray crystallographic model building and refinement.
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