Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userStatistical tools used to identify scientific misconduct in mobile phone research (REFLEX program)
133
0
0.0
(
0
)
Added by
Alexander Lerchl
Publication date
2015
fields
Mathematical Statistics
and research's language is
English
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
A severe case of scientific misconduct was discovered in a paper from 2005 allegedly showing harmful effects (DNA breakage) of non-thermal mobile phone electromagnetic field exposure on human and rat cells. Here we describe the way how the fraudulent data were identified. The low variations of the reported biological data are shown to be below theoretical lower limits (multinomial distributions). Another reason for doubts was highly significant non-equal distributions of last digits, a known hint towards data fabrication. The Medical University Vienna, where the research was conducted, was informed about these findings and came to the conclusion that the data in this and another, related paper by the same group were fabricated, and that both papers should be retracted.
rate research
Read More
Methods for addressing missing data have become much more accessible to applied researchers. However, little guidance exists to help researchers systematically identify plausible missing data mechanisms in order to ensure that these methods are appropriately applied. Two considerations motivate the present study. First, psychological research is typically characterized by a large number of potential response variables that may be observed across multiple waves of data collection. This situation makes it more challenging to identify plausible missing data mechanisms than is the case in other fields such as biostatistics where a small number of dependent variables is typically of primary interest and the main predictor of interest is statistically independent of other covariates. Second, there is growing recognition of the importance of systematic approaches to sensitivity analyses for treatment of missing data in psychological science. We develop and apply a systematic approach for reducing a large number of observed patterns and demonstrate how these can be used to explore potential missing data mechanisms within multivariate contexts. A large scale simulation study is used to guide suggestions for which approaches are likely to be most accurate as a function of sample size, number of factors, number of indicators per factor, and proportion of missing data. Three applications of this approach to data examples suggest that the method appears useful in practice.
It has been claimed that different types of causes must be considered in biological systems, including top-down as well as same-level and bottom-up causation, thus enabling the top levels to be causally efficacious in their own right. To clarify this issue, important distinctions between information and signs are introduced here and the concepts of information control and functional equivalence classes in those systems are rigorously defined and used to characterise when top down causation by feedback control happens, in a way that is testable. The causally significant elements we consider are equivalence classes of lower level processes, realised in biological systems through different operations having the same outcome within the context of information control and networks.
Mobile phone calling is one of the most widely used communication methods in modern society. The records of calls among mobile phone users provide us a valuable proxy for the understanding of human communication patterns embedded in social networks. Mobile phone users call each other forming a directed calling network. If only reciprocal calls are considered, we obtain an undirected mutual calling network. The preferential communication behavior between two connected users can be statistically tested and it results in two Bonferroni networks with statistically validated edges. We perform a comparative analysis of the statistical properties of these four networks, which are constructed from the calling records of more than nine million individuals in Shanghai over a period of 110 days. We find that these networks share many common structural properties and also exhibit idiosyncratic features when compared with previously studied large mobile calling networks. The empirical findings provide us an intriguing picture of a representative large social network that might shed new lights on the modelling of large social networks.
Algorithmic skeletons are used as building-blocks to ease the task of parallel programming by abstracting the details of parallel implementation from the developer. Most existing libraries provide implementations of skeletons that are defined over flat data types such as lists or arrays. However, skeleton-based parallel programming is still very challenging as it requires intricate analysis of the underlying algorithm and often uses inefficient intermediate data structures. Further, the algorithmic structure of a given program may not match those of list-based skeletons. In this paper, we present a method to automatically transform any given program to one that is defined over a list and is more likely to contain instances of list-based skeletons. This facilitates the parallel execution of a transformed program using existing implementations of list-based parallel skeletons. Further, by using an existing transformation called distillation in conjunction with our method, we produce transformed programs that contain fewer inefficient intermediate data structures.
A large multitude of scientific computing tools is available today. This article gives an overview of available tools and explains the main application fields. In addition basic principles of number representations in computing and the resulting truncation errors are treated. The selection of tools is for those students, who work in the field of accelerator beam dynamics.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
