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Register a new userCosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy from Nonlinear Structures in Accelerating Universes
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Nobuyuki Sakai
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We study the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy due to spherically symmetric nonlinear structures in flat universes with dust and a cosmological constant. By modeling a time-evolving spherical compensated void/lump by Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi spacetimes, we numerically solve the null geodesic equations with the Einstein equations. We find that a nonlinear void redshifts the CMB photons that pass through it regardless of the distance to it. In contrast, a nonlinear lump blueshifts (or redshifts) the CMB photons if it is located near (or sufficiently far from) us. The present analysis comprehensively covers previous works based on a thin-shell approximation and a linear/second order perturbation method and the effects of shell thickness and full nonlinearity. Our results indicate that, if quasi-linear and large ($>100$Mpc) voids/lumps would exist, they could be observed as cold or hot spots with temperature variance $>10^{-5}$K in the CMB sky.
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We analyze observations of the microwave sky made with the Python experiment in its fifth year of operation at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. After modeling the noise and constructing a map, we extract the cosmic signal from the data. We simultaneously estimate the angular power spectrum in eight bands ranging from large (l ~ 40) to small (l ~ 260) angular scales, with power detected in the first six bands. There is a significant rise in the power spectrum from large to smaller (l ~ 200) scales, consistent with that expected from acoustic oscillations in the early Universe. We compare this Python V map to a map made from data taken in the third year of Python. Python III observations were made at a frequency of 90 GHz and covered a subset of the region of the sky covered by Python V observations, which were made at 40 GHz. Good agreement is obtained both visually (with a filtered version of the map) and via a likelihood ratio test.
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Primordial quantum fluctuations produced by inflation are conventionally assumed to be statistically homogeneous, a consequence of translational invariance. In this paper we quantify the potentially observable effects of a small violation of translational invariance during inflation, as characterized by the presence of a preferred point, line, or plane. We explore the imprint such a violation would leave on the cosmic microwave background anisotropy, and provide explicit formulas for the expected amplitudes $<a_{lm}a_{lm}^*>$ of the spherical-harmonic coefficients.
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