No Arabic abstract
Given a Banach space X, denote by SP_{w}(X) the set of equivalence classes of spreading models of X generated by normalized weakly null sequences in X. It is known that SP_{w}(X) is a semilattice, i.e., it is a partially ordered set in which every pair of elements has a least upper bound. We show that every countable semilattice that does not contain an infinite increasing sequence is order isomorphic to SP_{w}(X) for some separable Banach space X.
For any finite unital commutative idempotent semigroup S, a unital semilattice, we show how to compute the amenability constant of its semigroup algebra l^1(S), which is always of the form 4n+1. We then show that these give lower bounds to amenability constants of certain Banach algebras graded over semilattices. We show that there is no commutative semilattice with amenability constant between 5 and 9.
Suppose that (F_n)_{n=1}^{infty} is a sequence of regular families of finite subsets of N and (theta_n)_{n=1}^{infty} is a nonincreasing null sequence in (0,1). The mixed Tsirelson space T[(theta_{n}, F_n)_{n=1}^{infty}] is the completion of $c_{00}$ with respect to the implicitly defined norm ||x|| = max{||x||_{c_0}, sup_n sup theta_n sum_{i=1}^{j}||E_{i}x||}, where the last supremum is taken over all finite subsets E_{1},...,E_{j} of N such that E_1 < >... <E_j and {min E_1,...,min E_j} in F_n. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of higher order ell ^1-spreading models in every subspace generated by a subsequence of the unit vector basis of T[(theta_{n}, F_n)_{n=1}^{infty}.
We investigate the existence of higher order ell^1-spreading models in subspaces of mixed Tsirelson spaces. For instance, we show that the following conditions are equivalent for the mixed Tsirelson space X=T[(theta _n,S_n)_{n=1}^{infty}] (1)Every block subspace of $X$ contains an ell^1-S_{omega}-spreading model, (2)The Bourgain ell^1-index I_b(Y) = I(Y) > omega^{omega} for any block subspace Y of X, (3)lim_mlimsup_ntheta_{m+n}/theta_n > 0 and every block subspace Y of X contains a block sequence equivalent to a subsequence of the unit vector basis of X. Moreover, if one (and hence all) of these conditions holds, then X is arbitrarily distortable.
We examine a variant of a Banach space $mathfrak{X}_{0,1}$ defined by Argyros, Beanland, and the second named author that has the property that it admits precisely two spreading models in every infinite dimensional subspace. We prove that this space is asymptotically symmetric and thus it provides a negative answer to a problem of Junge, the first. named author, and Odell.
We study the effect of finite size population in Galams model [Eur. Phys. J. B 25 (2002) 403] of minority opinion spreading and introduce neighborhood models that account for local spatial effects. For systems of different sizes N, the time to reach consensus is shown to scale as ln N in the original version, while the evolution is much slower in the new neighborhood models. The threshold value of the initial concentration of minority supporters for the defeat of the initial majority, which is independent of N in Galams model, goes to zero with growing system size in the neighborhood models. This is a consequence of the existence of a critical size for the growth of a local domain of minority supporters.