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Register a new userPhoto- and electro-production of medium mass Lambda-hypernuclei
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The characteristic and selective nature of the electro-magnetic production of Lambda-hypernuclei in exciting states is demonstrated assuming the medium-mass targets 28Si, 40Ca, and 52Cr. Formalism of DWIA is used adopting the Saclay-Lyon, Kaon-MAID, Adelseck-Saghai, and Williams-Ji-Cotanch models for the elementary amplitudes and various nuclear and hypernuclear wave functions. The elementary amplitudes are discussed in detail presenting their basic properties and comparison with data. The unique features of the electro-magnetic production of Lambda-hypernuclei shown on examples are the slective excitation of unnatural parity highest-spin states (natural parity ones for the LS-closed targets) and a possibilty to investigate the Lambda single-particle energies including a spin-orbit splitting using variety of medium-mass targets.
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We summarize the pertinent experimental and theoretical developments in the field of pion photo- and electroproduction in the threshold region. We discuss which experiments and which calculations should be done/performed in the future.
Predictions of isobaric and Regge models are compared with the latest experimental data (Bonn,JLab) to select among the models those providing a satisfactory description of the data. Only the Saclay-Lyon and MAID models are in a reasonable agreement with both photo- and electro-production data ranging up to about 2.5 GeV.
$Lambda^+_c$- and $Lambda_b$-hypernuclei are studied in the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. Comparisons are made with the results for $Lambda$-hypernuclei studied in the same model previously. Although the scalar and vector potentials felt by the $Lambda$, $Lambda_c^+$ and $Lambda_b$ in the corresponding hypernuclei multiplet which has the same baryon numbers are quite similar, the wave functions obtained, e.g., for $1s_{1/2}$ state, are very different. The $Lambda^+_c$ baryon density distribution in $^{209}_{Lambda^+_c}$Pb is much more pushed away from the center than that for the $Lambda$ in $^{209}_Lambda$Pb due to the Coulomb force. On the contrary, the $Lambda_b$ baryon density distributions in $Lambda_b$-hypernuclei are much larger near the origin than those for the $Lambda$ in the corresponding $Lambda$-hypernuclei due to its heavy mass. It is also found that level spacing for the $Lambda_b$ single-particle energies is much smaller than that for the $Lambda$ and $Lambda^+_c$.
We discuss low-lying collective excitations of $Lambda$ hypernuclei using the self-consistent mean-field approaches. We first discuss the deformation properties of $Lambda$ hypernuclei in the $sd$-shell region. Based on the relativistic mean-field (RMF) approach, we show that the oblate deformation for $^{28}$Si nucleus may disappear when a $Lambda$ particle is added to this nucleus. We then discuss the rotational excitations of $^{25}_{Lambda}$Mg nucleus using the three-dimensional potential energy surface in the deformation plane obtained with the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock method. The deformation of $^{25}_{Lambda}$Mg nucleus is predicted to be slightly reduced due to an addition of $Lambda$ particle. We demonstrate that this leads to a reduction of electromagnetic transition probability, $B(E2)$, in the ground state rotational band. We also present an application of random phase approximation (RPA) to hypernuclei, and show that a new dipole mode, which we call a soft dipole $Lambda$ mode, appears in hypernuclei, which can be interpreted as an oscillation of $Lambda$ particle against the core nucleus.
We have measured the energy spectra of pions and protons emitted in the weak decay of 12_Lambda_C, 28_Lambda_Si, and Lambda_Fe hypernuclei produced via the (pi+, K+) reaction. The decay widths of the pi- mesonic decay (Lambda -> p + pi-) and the nonmesonic decay (Lambda + N -> N + N) were extracted. The present results demonstrate an increase of the mesonic decay width due to a distortion of the pion wave function in nuclear medium for the first time. The ratios of the neutron- to proton-induced nonmesonic decay widths, Gamma_n(Lambda + n -> n + n)/Gamma_p(Lambda + p -> n + p), were evaluated by a direct comparison of the measured proton energy spectra with the calculated ones. No theoretical calculation which has been proposed so far can simultaneously account for both the nonmesonic decay widths and the Gamma_n/Gamma_p ratios in the present data.
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