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Register a new userInfinitesimal spectral flow and scattering matrix
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Nurulla Azamov
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In this note the notion of infinitesimal scattering matrix is introduced. It is shown that under certain assumption, the scattering operator of a pair of trace compatible operators is equal to the chronological exponential of the infinitesimal scattering matrix and that the trace of the infinitesimal scattering matrix is equal to the absolutely continuous part of the infinitesimal spectral flow. As a corollary, a variant of the Birman-Krein formula is derived. An interpretation of Pushnitskis $mu$-invariant is given.
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It has been shown recently that spectral flow admits a natural integer-valued extension to essential spectrum. This extension admits four different interpretations; two of them are singular spectral shift function and total resonance index. In this work we study resonance index outside essential spectrum. Among results of this paper are the following. 1. Total resonance index satisfies Robbin-Salamon axioms for spectral flow. 2. Direct proof of equality total resonance index = intersection number. 3. Direct proof of equality total resonance index = total Fredholm index. 4. (a) Criteria for a perturbation~$V$ to be tangent to the~resonance set at a point~$H,$ where the resonance set is the infinite-dimensional variety of self-adjoint perturbations of the initial self-adjoint operator~$H_0$ which have~$lambda$ as an eigenvalue. (b) Criteria for the order of tangency of a perturbation~$V$ to the resonance set. 5. Investigation of the root space of the compact operator $(H_0+sV-lambda)^{-1}V$ corresponding to an eigenvalue $(s-r_lambda)^{-1},$ where $H_0+r_lambda V$ is a point of the resonance set. This analysis gives a finer information about behaviour of discrete spectrum compared to spectral flow. Finally, many results of this paper are non-trivial even in finite dimensions, in which case they can be and were tested in numerical experiments.
The spectral flow is a classical notion of functional analysis and differential geometry which was given different interpretations as Fredholm index, Witten index, and Maslov index. The classical theory treats spectral flow outside the essential spectrum. Inside essential spectrum, the spectral shift function could be considered as a proper analogue of spectral flow, but unlike the spectral flow, the spectral shift function is not an integer-valued function. In this paper it is shown that the notion of spectral flow admits a natural integer-valued extension for a.e. value of the spectral parameter inside essential spectrum too and appropriate theory is developed. The definition of spectral flow inside essential spectrum given in this paper applies to the classical spectral flow and thus gives one more new alternative definition of it.
We show that for a Jacobi operator with coefficients whose (j+1)th moments are summable the jth derivative of the scattering matrix is in the Wiener algebra of functions with summable Fourier coefficients. We use this result to improve the known dispersive estimates with integrable time decay for the time dependent Jacobi equation in the resonant case.
This paper is a continuation of the study of spectral flow inside essential spectrum initiated in cite{AzSFIES}. Given a point $lambda$ outside the essential spectrum of a self-adjoint operator $H_0,$ the resonance set, $mathcal R(lambda),$ is an analytic variety which consists of self-adjoint relatively compact perturbations $H_0+V$ of $H_0,$ for which $lambda$ is an eigenvalue. One may ask for criteria for the vector $V$ to be tangent to the resonance set. Such criteria were given in cite{AzSFnRI}. In this paper we study similar criteria for the case of $lambda$ inside the essential spectrum of $H_0.$ For the case $lambda in sigma_{ess}(H_0)$ the resonance set is defined in terms of the well-known limiting absorption principle. Among the results of this paper is that the resonance set contains plenty of straight lines, moreover, given any regular relatively compact perturbation $V$ there exists a finite rank self-adjoint operator, $tilde V,$ such that the straight line $H_0 + mathbb R(V-tilde V)$ belongs to the resonance set. Another result of this paper is that inside the essential spectrum there exist plenty of transversal to the resonance set perturbations $V$ which have order $geq 2,$ in contrast to what happens outside the essential spectrum, cite{AzSFnRI}.
We examine the spectrum of a family of Sturm--Liouville operators with regularly spaced delta function potentials parametrized by increasing strength. The limiting behavior of the eigenvalues under this spectral flow was described in a previor result of the last two authors with Berkolaiko, where it was used to study the nodal deficiency of Laplacian eigenfunctions. Here we consider the eigenfunctions of these operators. In particular, we give explicit formulas for the limiting eigenfunctions, and also characterize the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues for all values for the spectral flow parameter (not just in the limit). We also develop spectrally accurate numerical tools for comparison and visualization.
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