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Register a new userSub-Rayleigh resolution of interference pattern with independent laser beams
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We propose a new scheme to achieve sub-Rayleigh resolution of interference pattern with independent laser beams. We perform an experimental observation of a double-slit interference with two orthogonally polarized laser beams. The resolution of the interference pattern measured by a two-photon detection is doubled provided the two beams illuminate the double-slit with certain incident angles. The scheme is simple and can be in favor of both high intensity and perfect visibility.
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For conventional imaging, the imaging resolution limit is given by the Rayleigh criterion. Exploiting the prior knowledge of imaging objects sparsity and fixed optical system, imaging beyond the conventional Rayleigh limit, which is backed up by numerical simulation and experiments, is achieved by illuminating the object with single-shot thermal light and detecting the objects information at the imaging plane with some sparse-array single-pixel detectors. The quality of sub-Rayleigh imaging with sparse detection is also shown to be related to the effective number of single-pixel detectors and the detection signal-to-noise ratio at the imaging plane.
Conventional incoherent imaging based on measuring the spatial intensity distribution in the image plane faces the resolution hurdle described by the Rayleigh diffraction criterion. Here, we demonstrate theoretically using the concept of the Fisher information that quadrature statistics measured by means of array homodyne detection enables estimation of the distance between two incoherent point sources well below the Rayleigh limit for sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio. This capability is attributed to the availability of spatial coherence information between individual detector pixels acquired using the coherent detection technique. A simple analytical approximation for the precision attainable in the sub-Rayleigh region is presented. Furthermore, an estimation algorithm is proposed and applied to Monte Carlo simulated data.
We describe the polarization topology of the vector beams emerging from a patterned birefringent liquid crystal plate with a topological charge $q$ at its center ($q$-plate). The polarization topological structures for different $q$-plates and different input polarization states have been studied experimentally by measuring the Stokes parameters point-by-point in the beam transverse plane. Furthermore, we used a tuned $q=1/2$-plate to generate cylindrical vector beams with radial or azimuthal polarizations, with the possibility of switching dynamically between these two cases by simply changing the linear polarization of the input beam.
We report an experimental demonstration of sub-wavelength interference without correlation. Typically, people can achieve sub-wavelength effect with correlation measurement no matter by using bi-photon or thermal light sources. Here we adopt a thermal light source. And we count the realizations in which the intensities of the definite symmetric points are above or below a certain threshold. The distribution of numbers of these realizations who satisfy the restriction will show a sub-wavelength effect. With proper constrictions, positive and negative interference patterns are demonstrated.
Optoplasmonic methods capable of single protein detection so far rely on analyte immobilization in order to facilitate detection [1-6]. These detection schemes, even if they facilitate transient single-molecule detection [7,8] via consequent formation and cleavage of chemical bonds, typically exhibit time resolutions on the order of milliseconds. The need for analyte immobilisation is a direct consequence of the minuscule dimensions of plasmonic near fields typically providing sub-attolitre-sized detection volumes which in turn demand sub-microsecond temporal resolution for the direct detection of proteins in motion. Here we show that such temporal resolution can indeed be achieved. We demonstrate the observation of single proteins as small as Hemoglobin (molecular weight: 64 kDa) as they traverse plasmonic near fields of gold nanorods and interact with their surface, all while maintaining signal-to-noise ratios larger than 5 and an unprecedented temporal resolution well below microseconds. This method enables the label-free observation of single-molecule dynamics on previously unaccessible timescales.
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