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Register a new userThe Ideal Electromechanical Oscillator System
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Oscillators and rotators are among the most important physical systems. For centuries the only known rotating systems that actually reached the limits of the ideal situation of undamped periodical motion were the planets in their orbits. Physics had to develop quantum mechanics to discover new systems that actually behaved like ideal, undamped, oscillators or rotators. However, all examples of this latter systems occur in atomic or molecular scale. The objective of the present letter is to show how the limit of ideal oscillating motion can be challenged by a man-made system. We demonstrate how a simple model electromechanical system consisting of a superconducting coil and a magnet can be made to display both mechanical and electrical undamped oscillations for certain experimental conditions. The effect might readily be attainable with the existing materials technologies and we discuss the conditions to circumvent energy losses. The result is a lossless system that might generate hundreds of Ampere of rectified electrical current by means of the periodical conversion between gravitational potential, kinetic, and magnetic energies.
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We fabricate a microscale electromechanical system, in which a suspended superconducting membrane, treated as a mechanical oscillator, capacitively couples to a superconducting microwave resonator. As the microwave driving power increases, nonmonotonic dependence of the resonance frequency of the mechanical oscillator on the driving power has been observed. We also demonstrate the optical switching of the resonance frequency of the mechanical oscillator. Theoretical models for qualitative understanding of our experimental observations are presented. Our experiment may pave the way for the application of a mechanical oscillator with its resonance frequency controlled by the electromagnetic and/or optical fields, such as a microwave-optical interface and a controllable element in a superqubit-mechanical oscillator hybrid system.
We propose and analyse a quantum electromechanical system composed of a monolithic quartz bulk acoustic wave (BAW) oscillator coupled to a superconducting transmon qubit via an intermediate LC electrical circuit. Monolithic quartz oscillators offer unprecedentedly high effective masses and quality factors for the investigation of mechanical oscillators in the quantum regime. Ground-state cooling of such mechanical modes via resonant piezoelectric coupling to an LC circuit, which is itself sideband cooled via coupling to a transmon qubit, is shown to be feasible. The fluorescence spectrum of the qubit, containing motional sideband contributions due to the couplings to the oscillator modes, is obtained and the imprint of the electromechanical steady-state on the spectrum is determined. This allows the qubit to function both as a cooling resource for, and transducer of, the mechanical oscillator. The results described are relevant to any hybrid quantum system composed of a qubit coupled to two (coupled or uncoupled) thermal oscillator modes.
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The ideal Bose gas has two major shortcomings: at zero temperature, all the particles condense at zero energy or momentum, thus violating the Heisenberg principle; the second is that the pressure below the critical point is independent of density resulting in zero incompressibility (or infinite isothermal compressibility) which is unphysical. We propose a modification of the ideal Bose gas to take into account the Heisenberg principle. This modification results in a finite (in)compressibility at all temperatures and densities. The main properties of the ideal Bose gas are preserved, i.e. the relation between the critical temperature and density, but the specific heat has a maximum at the critical temperature instead of a discontinuity. Of course interactions are crucial for both cases in order to describe actual physical systems.
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